Multicategory Purchase Incidence Models for Partitions of Product Categories

We analyze multicategory purchases of households by means of heterogeneous multivariate probit models that relate to partitions formed from a total of 25 product categories. We investigate both prior and post hoc partitions. We search model structures by a stochastic algorithm and estimate models by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The best model in terms of cross‐validated log‐likelihood refers to a post hoc partition with two groups; the second‐best model considers all categories as one group. Among prior partitions with at least two category groups a five‐group model performs best. Effects on average basket value differ for the model with five prior category groups from those for the best‐performing model in 40% and 24% of the investigated categories for features and displays, respectively. In addition, the model with five prior category groups also underestimates total sales revenue across all categories by about 28%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Between meaning culture and presence effects: contemporary biomedical objects as a challenge to museums

The acquisition and display of material artefacts is the raison d’être of museums. But what constitutes a museum artefact? Contemporary medicine (biomedicine) is increasingly producing artefacts that do not fit the traditional museological understanding of what constitutes a material, tangible artefact. Museums today are therefore caught in a paradox. On the one hand, medical science and technologies are having an increasing pervasive impact on the way contemporary life is lived and understood and is therefore a central part of the contemporary world. On the other hand, the objects involved in medical diagnostics and therapies are becoming increasingly invisible and intangible and therefore seem to have no role to play as artefacts in a museum context. Consequently, museums are at risk of becoming alienated from an increasingly important part of contemporary society. This essay elaborates the paradox by employing Gumbrecht’s (2004) distinction between ‘presence’ and ‘meaning’.     

遥感估算植被覆盖度的角度效应分析

植被覆盖度是植被在地面的垂直投影面积占统计区总面积的百分比.由于植被反射的二向性特性,不同角度估算的植被覆盖度原则上不可比,另外,不同观测角度对应像元不同的采样面积,对于非均一地表这种面积差异引起的角度效应也非常显著.本文除了考虑植被的二向性反射,还重点模拟分析了由于像元的采样面积差异引起的角度效应及其带来的植被覆盖度估算误差.模拟结果表明:相比天顶观测,在倾斜40°观测时,对于作物和裸土混合,由于面积误差带来的红光波段反射率差异已高达56%,同时引起的植被覆盖度估算误差达到23%,因此研究植被覆盖度的角度效应问题很有必要.     

面向对象的三维对流扩散问题有限元程序设计

根据三维对流扩散问题的有限元分析,采用面向对象的程序设计语言C ,建立向量类、矩阵类、单元类、结点类、材料类和有限元方法类等,实现三维对流扩散问题的有限元分析程序开发,对相关的对流扩散问题进行数值模拟.结果表明与用结构化语言开发的传统有限元程序相比,程序更易重用、维护、扩充,并且可以融入用C 编制的大型通用有限元科学和工程计算软件.     

应用高分子材料整治铁路桥梁支座病害

分析了铁路桥梁支座病害的成因,介绍了应用高分子材料整治桥梁支座病害的施工工艺和取得的效果.     

酸樱桃果实有效成分及药理作用的研究

酸樱桃果实营养丰富、均衡,含有大量的维生素(VA,VB,VC)和矿物质(K,Ca,Fe),而糖类、脂肪、热量的含量较低;尤其富含花青素、各种花色苷、褪黑激素、槲皮素、异槲皮素和其他有效成分.大量研究发现它们具有显著的药理作用,如调节睡眠、清除自由基、抗氧化作用、抗炎、镇痛、抗癌、预防心血管疾病、降低血糖、延缓衰老等.因此,对酸樱桃果实有效成分及药理作用进行了研究.     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

矩形通道内具有Rayleigh-Benard对流的湍流换热大涡模拟

基于动态Smagorinsky涡黏模型对矩形通道截面内具有Rayleigh-Benard对流的湍流充分流动和换热问题进行了大涡模拟研究,分析了浮升力对管道截面的平均速度、温度分布以及雷诺应力的影响.湍流雷诺数为400,格拉晓夫数从105变化到107.研究结果表明:随着格拉晓夫数的增大,浮升力增强,通道内平均速度减小;亚格子黏性系数明显增大,湍流强度增强,换热也明显增强;由于浮升力的存在,在高温壁面附近,主流湍动能减小,展向湍流强度大大增强;初始条件对平均速度及温度的分布有一定的影响,但对平均的阻力系数及换热系数没有影响.     

基于PSInSAR和GIS空间分析的南通市区地面沉降监测

为提高永久散射体雷达差分干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术中大气延迟相位提取精度,在采用滤波方法从残余相位中提取大气延迟相位时,提出了基于结构函数的最佳滤波方法及滤波窗口大小的自动确定方法;并对PS(permanentscatterer)点的线性形变速率进行空间分析,了解其数据分布,探测离群值,然后进行Kriging插值,以获得高分辨率的沉降速率图.为验证方法的有效性,以江苏南通市区为试验区域,采用2006—2007年间15幅Envisat卫星SAR(synthetic aperture radar)图像进行地面沉降监测.结果表明,该方法有利于确保大气延迟相位的提取精度,获得了南通市区高分辨率的沉降速率图,发现南通市区存在多个沉降漏斗,但在2006—2007年间没有出现沉降速率特别大的沉降漏斗,大部分区域的沉降速率不超过11 mm.年-1.