Genetic determinants of individual differences in avoidance learning: Behavioral and endocrine characteristics

Bidirectional genetic selection for good and poor active avoidance learning in a shuttle box has been carried out in three independent laboratories using remarkably similar discrete-trial training procedures. The resulting strains are known as the Roman High and Low Avoidance (RHA and RLA), the Syracuse High and Low Avoidance (SHA and SLA) and the Australian High and Low Avoidance (AHA and ALA) strains, respectively. An additional unidirectionally selected strain, known as the Tokai High Avoider (THA) strain was developed in Japan using a free-operant Sidman avoidance procedure in a Skinner box. This paper reviews the selection of the Syracuse strains, enumerates the various behavioral and endocrine characteristics of the strains, and compares them to the other similarly selected strains. The behavioral work suggests that genetic selection from diverse breeding stocks has resulted in common characteristics that differentiate the strains in the emotional, not learning, domain. The endocrine data, however, are somewhat at odds. The Syracuse strains differentiate one way with respect to endocrine function, and the Roman strains differentiate in the opposite way. We suggest, therefore, that the endocrine correlates are not tightly linked to the avoidance genotype. Genetic analysis of all of the selected strains for both the avoidance phenotype and the endocrine correlates will be needed to test this hypothesis.Preparation of this paper was supported by research grant MH-39230-3 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

面向残差网络多元特征的轻量级虹膜分类

针对传统虹膜分类需手工设计滤波器提取虹膜特征, 提取特征单一, 且通常需大量手工调参, 泛化能力较差的问题, 提出一种面向残差网络下多元特征的虹膜分类算法. 一方面将虹膜图像与Gabor特征相结合, 另一方面在网络结构中使用多个尺度的卷积核, 使学习到的虹膜特征更丰富, 从而提高图像特征的表征能力. 实验结果表明, 在固定类别中, 使用Softmax分类器进行多分类, 该算法在JLU虹膜数据库中的分类准确率可稳定在98.90%以上, 不低于DeepIrisNet和Resnet等网络结构, 且该算法的网络结构参数更少, 学习速度更快.     

金棕苑工程裂缝问题的分析研究

根据已建工程发生裂缝的特征，采用排除法的方式，对施工、材料、混凝土收缩徐变、受力、地基、设计、温度等对工程有影响的问题进行了分析和研究，重点对温度变形作了理论计算，对温度变形差引起的内力进行了分析，得出是因室内外温差引起的线膨胀值不同而导致规律性裂缝问题的发生，为工程的安全使用提供了理论依据．     

中澳高职课程设置的比较分析

该文通过我国高职课程设置的主要问题的介绍，对中澳高职课程设置的比较与分析，明确提出了高职课程必须以能力为本位，以岗位需求为依据，以传统高职课程的弊端为突破口，以国外职教课程的经验为借鉴，以全面提高学生的职业素质和社会需要的适应能力为核心，大力进行高职课程改革与创新的新见解、新思路。     

间喷式柴油机热效率的分析

采用对比试验的方法，对影响间喷式柴油机热效率的主要因素进行了分析．由此得出了一些重要结论，并指出了提高间喷式柴油机热效率的方向．     

Alternative splicing and expression of the insulin-like growth factor （IGF-1） gene in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation, and its expression is induced by mechanical stretch, thus IGF-1 has been considered an effector molecule that links mechanical stimulation and local tissue responses. In this study, a mechanical stretching device was designed to apply physiological level static or cyclic stretching stimulation to osteoblasts. Different isoforms of IGF-1 mRNA were amplified by RT-PCR from the cells using respective primers and these amplified products were sequenced. An iso-form of IGF-1 splicing product was found to be selectively produced by osteoblasts under stretching stimulation. This IGF-1 isoform had identical sequence with the mechano growth factor (MGF) which was originally identified in muscle cells. Regulations of the expression of the liver-type IGF (L.IGF-1) and MGF in osteoblasts under stretch stimulation were further studied using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Stretch stimulation was found to promot the expression of IGF-1 (L.IGF-1 and MGF), and for both isoforms expression was more effectively stimulated by cyclic stretch than static stretch. MGF was detected only in osteoblasts subjected to mechanical stretch, suggesting MGF was a stretch sensitive growth factor. Expression of MGF peaked earlier than that of L.IGF-1, which was similar to their regulation in muscle and suggested similar roles of MGF and L.IGF-1 in bone as in muscle cells. The functions of MGF and LIGF-1 in osteoblasts shall be established by further experimental studies.     

从朝鲜对音文献看《洪武正韵》语音基础

《洪武正韵》作为明代官修韵书，对当时的朝鲜影响较大。朝鲜根据《洪武正韵》编写了一些重要的汉语学习用书。至今这些文献对汉语近代音的研究仍然具有重要的文献价值，以这些对音文献为佐证，可以促进对《洪武正韵》的研究，并能够提出较为可信的参证。     

数学与观察

本文阐述观察是数学中的重要心理活动，并探讨数学中观察的方法。     

基于多小波域对比度的图像融合算法

针对多小渡理论在图像处理领域的应用,给出了多小波域中图像的方向对比度的定义,并提出了基于多小波变换的、使用方向对比度进行自适应加权平均融合和选择性融合的算法.该算法利用多小渡变换对原图像进行分解,根据得到的分解系数计算相应的对比度,然后建立基于对比度的融合规则.使用这些算法对多谱图像进行了融合实验,并给出了评价融合质量的对比结果.结果表明,基于多小波变换的方向对比度的图像融舍算法在保留图像细节信息、增加信息量方面都有明显的提高.     

道家之"道"与现代物理学之"道"的相异趋同性

通过对现代物理学的世界观向着先秦道家某些思想归复的特征之剖析,呼吁在新世纪中,应当一如既往地努力研究和宣传中国传统思想,把“发掘神州瑰宝,弘扬华夏文化”的热潮推向一个更高层次的崭新阶段.