Amphipod crustaceans and environmental disturbance: a review

This review of the literature shows that amphipod crustaceans create disturbance through predation on commercial harvests, attacks on macroalgae, introductions as exotic species, and interference competition. Amphipods are also affected by disturbance events, both man-made and natural. Anthropogenic disturbance includes environmental alteration by toxins, oil, organic enrichment, acidification, salinity alteration, and ships' wakes. Natural disturbances are space clearance by the feeding activities of other fauna, and physical disturbance by sediment erosion and ice scour.     

中国半导体照明产业发展现状与趋势

半导体照明(亦称固态照明,solid state lighting,SSL),是继白炽灯、荧光灯之后的又一次光源革命.2016年,我国半导体照明产业规模达5 126亿元,关键技术与国际水平差距逐步缩小,示范应用居于世界前列,已成为全球最大的半导体照明生产、消费和出口国.当前半导体照明产业面临新的形势是:国际上技术快速进步,新兴应用崛起,市场渗透加速,竞争格局调整;国内产业集中度进一步提升,龙头企业加快扩张,海外市场拓展加速,整合并购成为主流.本文系统梳理了我国半导体照明产业发展的现状及趋势,分析了我国半导体照明产业发展面临的机遇与挑战,提出下一步推动我国从半导体照明产业大国向产业强国转变的主要工作.     

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle’s major avian predators and in the competition for mates

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) was observed in northern Virginia for a second and third flight season. The study yielded some results that were consistent with earlier findings, namely that mate-locating beetles were vulnerable to attack by avian predators and matings occurred primarily early in the flight season. Novel findings included the following: (1) blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were the major predators, not common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala), (2) some jays appeared to selectively prey on female beetles, (3) competition for mates among male beetles could be so intense that some males attempted to copulate with already mated (unreceptive) females, and (4) the sex ratio of the beetle population feeding on wild blackberries remained near equality late in the flight season despite the fact that the sex ratio of the population of beetles at the emergence site became highly female-biased over time.     

竞争情况下零售商的产品组合决策研究

本文研究了市场竞争情况下两个零售商横向差异产品组合决策,基于multinominal logit(MNL)模型刻画消费者选择行为并建立基本模型,得到市场相互独立时的最优产品组合.将市场竞争情况下的产品组合决策细分为四种情形并研究了零售商进入市场顺序的影响,对比了市场相互独立与竞争情况下的结果.结果表明:市场竞争时的产品多样化程度不低于市场相互独立的情况;部分产品存在两个零售商的利润空间是零售商选择重复产品必要条件;市场相互独立时的最优解外的产品有利可图是产品多样化程度高于市场相互独立情况的必要条件;零售商进入市场存在先后顺序时,信息不对称不影响均衡结果.     

Google浏览器如何经营中国市场——百度、UC、360、QQ浏览器为什么让人感觉比Chrome好

Google浏览器技术具有创新性,不仅满足了Google的企业的发展需求,也符合广大用户的信息要求,但是如何进入中国市场,是个值得深思的问题。     

竞争环境下ODM厂商自有品牌的市场进入策略分析

在经济全球化背景下,越来越多的原始设备制造商(original equipment manufacturer, OEM)开始考虑创建自有品牌以实现向原始设计制造商(original design manufacturer, ODM)部分角色的转变.显然,ODM是否创建自有品牌进入市场会对相关企业及供应链产生重要影响.本文针对ODM与OEM构成的二级供应链系统,在不同博弈理论框架下分析了ODM自有品牌的市场进入策略及对OEM和供应链系统的影响.研究表明ODM的市场进入能有效缓解供应链的双重边际效应,但该效应会随着OEM渠道成本优势的扩大而减弱.而当OEM的渠道成本足够低时,ODM的市场进入可能对OEM也是有利的,此时ODM与OEM可实现"双赢".最后,将模型拓展至Nash讨价还价和Bertrand价格竞争情形,分析并验证了结论的鲁棒性.     

体育比赛中的小组出线问题

设体育比赛(以足球比赛为例)中小组有n支球队,争取m个出线名额,采用单循环比赛制.记h={3/2m+[n-(m+1)]m为偶数 3/2(m-1)+1+3[n-(m+1)]m为奇数,l=n-m},则当小组积分fl时,球队小组不能出线;当小组积分l≤f≤h时,球队小组可能出线,也可能不出线;当小组积分fh时,球队小组出线.同时也讨论了足球比赛中的双循环赛制和篮球比赛的情形,得到了相应的结论.     

价格竞争下基于报童问题的需求模型分析

当前市场条件下,企业间的竞争通常只考虑库存竞争,而忽略了价格竞争.针对这一问题,在需求不确定且与价格具有相关性的前提下,建立了基于报童问题的需求模型.该模型面向包含多个企业的横向市场.同时,这些企业间采用联合定价/存货,并利用价格来竞争市场需求.分析了一个基于报童问题的定价博弈,通过增加不确定性延伸了需求模型.模型中各个企业通过自身的价格弹性影响自身的市场需求,同时也影响着其他企业的市场需求.     

中外女子网球单打基本单元竞技过程的比较研究

运用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等方法对女子网球单打比赛竞技过程进行了分析,得出以下结论:中国选手的发球赢球率较低,主要是受速度和力量等技战术外因素的影响;受国外选手的发球影响,中国选手的接发球直接失分和失误率都较高;中国选手在底线相持时可以和国外优秀选手抗衡,反手相持能力有较大优势,但技术类型缺少变化,不能主动变换节奏、掌控比赛.     

Phase field simulation of interatomic potentials for double phase competition during early stage precipitation

Phase field model was employed to study the variations of interatomic potentials of Ni 3 Al (L1 2 phase) and Ni 3 V (DO 22 phase) as a function of temperature and concentration. The long-range order (LRO) parameter related interatomic potentials equations formulated by Khachaturyan were utilized to establish the inversion equations for L1 2 and DO 22 phases, with which interatomic potentials could be calculated. The interatomic potentials of Ni-Al and Ni-V exhibited approximately linear increases and decreases, individually, with enhanced Al concentration. Substituting the inverted interatomic potentials into the microscopic phase field equations led to three cases of precipitation sequence: the DO 22 phase preceded L1 2 phase precipitating at the interatomic potentials of Ni-V > Ni-Al; the vice cases; and two phases precipitated simultaneously at interatomic potentials of Ni-V and Ni-Al were equal.