Formation of calcium phosphate mineral materialcontrolled by microemulsion

In order to prepare calcium phosphate-based material with nano-structure and bioactivity, natural lecithin and n-tetradecane were used as the amphipile and the oil phase respectively, along with the water phase, to form a microemulsion template. Phosphate mineralization was induced and controlled by the microemulsion. The products, characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, are composed of lecithin and hydroxyapatite, and possess the nano-structure of sticks, balls and three-dimensional nets connected by tubes. These results show that the microemulsion can be used to control calcium phosphate mineralization for the preparation of biomimetic mineral materials with various nano-structures.     

含镁脉石矿物对镍黄铁矿浮选的影响

本文研究了含镁脉石矿物(蛇纹石、橄榄石和辉石)对镍黄铁矿浮选的影响。通过显微电泳试验、电镜扫描检查、吸附试验、微型浮选试验和产物物质组成研究等,查明了产生影响的原因、程度和作用机理;并找到了防止或消除其影响的方法。     

TXW型消泡剂的研制

本文介绍了以甲基硅油─—液体石蜡为主体消泡组分，辅以多种乳化剂和助剂，在水相中复合而成的消泡剂。讨论了消泡效果，乳液稳定性和制备工艺。     

Genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age

Zircon U-Pb dating is the most commonly used method for isotopic geochronology. However, it has been a difficult issue when relating zircon U-Pb ages to metamorphic conditions in complex metamorphic rocks. Much progress has been made in the past decade with respect to the genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age. Three methods have been proposed to link zircon U-Pb age to metamorphic conditions: ( i ) internal structure; ( ii ) trace element feature; (iii) mineral inclusion composition. Magmatic zircon shows typical oscillatory zoning and/or sector zoning, whereas metamorphic zircon has internal structures such as no zoned, weakly zoned, cloudy zoned, sector zoned, planar zoned, and patched zoned ones. Zircons formed in different geological environments generally have characteristic internal structures. Magmatic zircons from different rock types have variable trace element abundances, with a general trend of increasing trace element abundances in zircons from ultramafic through mafic to granitic rocks. Zircons formed under different metamorphic conditions have different trace element characteristics that can be used to relate their formation to metamorphic conditions. It is an effective way to relate zircon growth to certain P-T conditions by studying the trace element partitioning between coexisting metamorphic zircon and garnet in high-grade metamorphic rocks containing both zircon and garnet. Primary mineral inclusions in zircon can also provide unambiguous constraints on its formation conditions. Therefore, interpretation of zircon U-Pb ages can be constrained by its internal structure, trace element composition, mineral inclusion and so on.     

数字地质图核心元数据研究

空间数据的应用随着因特网技术的普及越来越广泛,普遍应用于资源管理与优化配置、环境评价与保护、人口、交通、规划等与区域经济可持续发展有关的决策之中。对于空间数据的管理者、用户等而言,如何合理地使用空间数据,从中挖掘和发现新知识,使决策结果更加科学、合理、可靠,已经成为地理信息产业界和学术界日趋关心的焦点问题。空间数据元数据是解决这一问题的关键技术之一。本文对空间数据元数据从理论上进行了探讨,并以矿产资源勘查评价过程中的数字地质图空间数据元数据为例,建立了数字地质图核心元数据示范标准,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

微纳米活性复合矿物橡胶助剂的研制

根据白炭黑性能及其在钢丝绳橡胶运输带中作粘合助剂的机理分析研究,通过"矿物/表丽活性剂/橡胶"三相化学界面设计,复合利用多种非金属矿物,并将其超细粉碎至微纳米级粉体,经表面化学改性,研发成功白炭黑等量替代产品,并实现了产业化.提出了微纳米复合矿物粉体经表面设计及化学改性,可以作为橡胶粘合助剂产品的理论和一条工艺技术路线.     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

钙离子形态对吸附效果的影响研究

通过不同方式配制高钙水,来研究矿物吸附材料对钙离子的吸附规律,同时对吸附过程中的流体力化学效应进行了探讨.实验结果表明,矿物吸附材料对钙的吸附性能与钙在溶液中的存在形态有很大关系:用CaCl2配制的高钙水中,钙主要以离子形态存在,矿物吸附材料对其吸附主要以静电吸附为主,5A沸石对钙离子有筛分效应;用CaO配制的高钙水中,钙主要以Ca(OH)2(2q)、Ca(OH)2(s)沉淀微晶、Ca2 和Ca(OH) 多种形态存在,矿物吸附材料对其吸附有静电吸附、一羟基络合吸附、表面沉淀吸附,同时,矿物吸附材料的加入对氢氧化钙沉淀起晶种作用,可以加速其沉淀;合适的流体剪切力可以提高5A沸石对钙离子的吸附量,此结论证实了吸附过程中流体力化学效应的存在.图4,表2,参7.     

河北高寺台超镁铁岩体中锇矿物的锇同位素组成初步研究

报道了河北高寺台超基性岩体中的等轴锇铱矿和六方铱锇矿的Os同位素组成,两样品的187Os/188Os值分别为0.123 582±7和0.123 731±7.数据的解释有赖于年龄的和/或源区性质的制约.若已知矿物源区,可由同位素组成制约其形成时代.如上述矿物的锇来自于原始上地幔,其形成时代可能为500±10 Ma;若其源区为亏损的岩石圈地幔,其形成时代可能年轻到晚中生代;若源区为富集的地幔柱,其形成时代可能老到中元古代.反之,若能限定矿物形成时代,则可制约其源区性质.若上述锇矿物形成于印支期,则很可能源于亏损的岩石圈地幔.若它们形成于中元古代,则其源区很可能来源于富集的地幔柱性质的地幔.根据区域地质情况,我们倾向于这些Os来自富集地幔、高寺台岩体形成于中元古代的解释,但进一步解释有待于新的独立证据.尽管如此,这些数据对今后高寺台岩体的成因或年龄研究有参考价值.