页岩陶粒混凝土制品导热系数及线胀系数测定

与传统的建筑材料相比,陶粒混凝土具有导热系数小、重量轻、结构性能好等优点.在建筑围护结构,特别是屋面保温隔热工程中得到了大量的应用.通过热箱法对高强页岩陶粒混凝土的导热系数及热膨胀系数进行测试,并将测试结果与传统建筑材料的相应热学参数进行了比较,为建筑节能设计提供了试验依据.     

膜式水冷壁换热系数的有限元分析

将有限元用于水冷壁的换热分析,计算了鳍片结构对换热的影响,探讨了用测量壁面温差法求取炉内向水冷壁换热的可能性。计算发现,有限元计算与目前中国采用的标准吻合得非常好,但是标准给出的鳍片中间点温度偏大。增大管节距时,鳍片吸热份额和最高温度升高;较大的厚度可以降低鳍片最高温度,提高吸热份额。壁面上两点温差可以表征水冷壁受热状况,炉膛向受热面的换热系数与温差呈较好的线性关系。对几台商业运行的循环流化床锅炉的水冷壁进行了有限元测量,将有限元结果与热平衡结果进行了比较,表明有限元测量方法比较真实地反映了实际情况。有限元方法测量结果呈现偏大的趋势,主要与鳍片和母材的根部焊接出现附加热阻有关。     

质子交换膜燃料电池空气流场的优化设计

质子交换膜燃料电池空气流场的合理设计可以使电流密度、气体浓度等均匀分布,有利于提高性能。采用数值模拟与测试相结合的方法,对5种常见的空气流场进行了综合评价。结果显示,模拟结果与测试结果反映的电池性能变化趋势基本相同,性能由低到高依次为:平行流场、网格流场、平行蛇形流场、渐缩流场。串并联流场的模拟和实验结果略有差异。该方法可用于质子交换膜燃料电池空气流场的优化设计。     

聚砜中空纤维膜乙炔脱湿的研究

采用渗透侧抽真空的方式对膜法乙炔脱湿进行了系统的研究.考察了不同处理量下,渗透侧真空度对渗余气含水量、回收率、分离因子和水蒸气、乙炔渗透通量的影响.当处理量为2.4 mL/s,原料气压力为180 kPa,渗透侧压力为20 kPa时,经过膜分离器处理后的乙炔水含量可由1%降至0.4%以下,渗透气量小于5%,便于循环利用.     

NMMO工艺纤维素膜结晶结构

以纤维素为原料,N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)为溶剂,采用相转化法制备非对称纤维素膜.利用X-射线衍射法对该工艺纤维素膜的结晶结构进行分析,讨论了铸膜液浓度、凝固浴温度及添加剂对膜结晶度的影响.结果表明:纤维素Ⅰ在NMMO.H2O中溶解并固化成膜后,得到的是纤维素Ⅱ,而不能形成纤维素Ⅰ;提高铸膜液中纤维素浓度、凝固浴温度及抗氧化剂(没食子酸丙酯)用量都可使该工艺纤维素膜的结晶度增大,添加少量的NH4Cl致使纤维素膜的结晶度有所下降.     

Transports of K^＋, Ca^2＋ Ions in Liquid Membrane with Calixarene Derivatives as Carriers

A few derivatives of calixarenes have been synthesized and characterized by IR, ^1H NNtR, thermal and elemental analysis. The transport of potassium or calcium ion through the liquid membrane, in which the derivatives act as carriers, has been studied. The electron-effect of the substituent on the upper rim of calixarene possesses important effect on the net transport of metal ions. The p- tert-butylcalix[4]arene is the best carrier of calcium ion, compared with p-tert-calix[4]arene（n = 4, 6, 8）. The ptert-butylcalix[4]arene acid is better than p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene. The calixr43crown is the best carrier of calcium ions of all the carriers. The pH gradient between the source and receiving phase, and the concentration of K^＋ , Ca^2＋ ions in the source phase affect mainly transport. After the transport, the pH value of the source phase is found to be decreased, once the calix [n ] arene derivatives act as carrier. But it is not the case for the calix[n] crowns. It might be interpreted as the result of their different mechanisms.     

三相流运动力学对减缓膜生物反应器膜污染的理论分析

运用气、液、固三相流运动力学原理对一体式膜生物反应器运行过程分析,得出:①反应器膜外污染的临界流速与膜管抽吸压力及主腔宽度、曝气条件的关系;②膜管内膜壁存在或不存在凝胶层条件下,产生污染的临界速度与膜管径、污染物粒径、膜管内抽吸压力、膜管内流态及膜壁对污染物吸附力的关系;③消除膜污染运行控制措施及条件.     

Analysis of Water Management in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Introduction Fuel cells provide an environmentally friendly high- efficiency power source that is not limited by the Carot efficiency. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered to be the most promising can- didate for electric vehicles …     

Superresolution measurement on the minute fluctuation of cell membrane

A wide variety of the physical properties of cell membrane reflect life-cycle processes, including me- tabolism, respiration, photosynthesis, signal transduc- tion, transmembrane transport, and so on. So it is sig- nificant to investigate the elastic prop…     

Simultaneously inducing synthesis of semiconductor CdS nanotubes and nanospheres through living bio-membrane bi-template

Group II-VI semiconductors, because of its wider band width and nonlinear optical properties, have al- ready shown vital applications in fluorescence probe, sensors, solar battery, photoelectrocatalysis, photoelec- tricity devices, laser light-emitting di…