车用百叶窗翅片式热交换器空气侧性能的CFD研究

应用FLUENT软件对一种典型的汽车百叶窗翅片式热交换器空气侧的流场、压力场和温度场进行了CFD研究,分析了不同结构参数对翅片换热和流动性能的影响.与试验结果相比,CFD分析的空气侧换热系数的平均误差小于7%,压降的平均误差小于4%,计算精度远远高于经验公式的计算结果.该CFD模型可直接用于工程设计.     

淀粉改性阳离子型高分子絮凝剂的合成

以红薯淀粉为原料进行化学改性,合成了一种阳离子型高分子絮凝剂F4,并考察了各因素对合成的影响.研究结果表明,接枝共聚的最佳合成条件为:淀粉5g,引发剂0.35g,丙烯酰胺10g,反应温度50℃,反应时间3h.阳离子化条件为:氢氧化钠0.08g,阳离子醚化剂3g,反应温度70℃,反应时间2h.     

用于冷中子源系统的氦制冷循环方案分析

为向冷中子源装置氢系统提供17．5K的低温冷源，设计了逆布雷顿循环的液氮预冷模式和4种膨胀机预冷模式，并对这5种循环模式进行热力分析和[火用]分析，获得了各循环模式下的主要热力参数并分析比较了各自的热力性质．结果表明：带液氮预冷和前置式并联膨胀机预冷2种模式的热力性能最好，[火用]效率最高；对于膨胀机预冷循环，并联模式优于串联模式，前置式优于后置式．循环系统[火用]损失部位主要在压缩机、膨胀机和换热器，减小这3部分[火用]损失的途径有以下方面：改善循环，减小系统氦的质量流量；提高压缩机的等温效率、膨胀机的等熵效率；改善换热器的内部温度、温差、压力分布及物流分配．本研究为中国先进研究堆冷中子源氦制冷系统的设计提供了数值基础。     

第二焦化厂循环氨水余热采暖的研究与应用

介绍了循环氨水产生、冷却煤气的机理,阐述了循环氨水余热采暖在实际生产中的利用过程。     

几种蒙脱石层电荷密度的测试方法原理及对比

层电荷的大小是蒙脱石矿物最重要的参数,决定了其性质、加工方法以及应用。本文系统介绍了国内外对蒙脱石层电荷测定方法的研究现状,详细阐述了烷基铵法、结构式推算法、阳离子交换容量法、亚甲基蓝法测定层电荷的原理以及测试程序,分析了不同测试方法的优缺点。指出在选择层电荷的测定方法时,应综合考虑样品的纯度、杂质的性质、颗粒的大小,以及对精确性和快速性的要求等因素。     

The short C-terminal hydrophilic domain of NhaH Na~ /H~ antiporter from Halobacillus dabanensis with roles in resistance to salt and in pH sensing

The Na /H antiporter plays key roles in maintaining low cytoplasmic Na level and pH homeostasis,while little is known about the Carboxyl-terminal hydrophilic tails of prokaryotic antiporters.In our previous study,the first Na /H antiporter gene nhaH from moderate halophiles was cloned from Halo-bacillus dabanensis D-8 by functional complementation.A topological model suggested that only nine amino acid residues(395PLIKKLGMI403) existed in the hydrophilic C-terminal domain of NhaH.The C-terminal truncated mutant of NhaH was constructed by PCR strategy and designated as nhaH△C.Salt tolerance experiment demonstrated that the deletion of hydrophilic C-terminal nine amino acid resi-dues significantly inhibited the complementation ability of E.coli KNabc,in which three main Na /H antiporters nhaA,nhaB and chaA were deleted.Everted membrane vesicles prepared from E.coli KNabc/nhaH△C decreased both Na /H and Li /H exchange activities of NhaH,and also resulted in an acidic shift of its pH profile for Na ,indicating a critical role of the short C-terminal domain of NhaH antiporter in alkali cation binding/translocation and pH sensing.     

Solvent-free selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline over alumina supported Pt nanoparticles

A supported Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by immobilizing preformed colloidal Pt nanoparticles on Al2O3. The particle size and size distribution of Pt particles on Al2O3 remained the same as the colloidal nanoparticles. Selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to ochloroaniline was performed on the as-prepared Pt/Al2O3 nanocatalyst without using any solvent and 88.5% selectivity to o-chloroaniline at 98.2% conversion of o-chloronitrobenzene was achieved. Further catalytic experiments with metal cation modification showed that some metal cations could improve the activity in various degrees while maintaining the high selectivity. Especially, 99.8% selectivity to o-chloroaniline at ~100% conversion was attained with Sn4t.     

基于改进量子粒子群算法的无分流换热网络综合

用数学规划法求解换热网络优化问题,当换热网络模型考虑所有分流情况时,会包含大量的连续和离散优化变量,因此对大规模换热网络的优化求解非常困难。相比有分流模型,无分流的网络模型结构简单,变量少,求解难度低。本文以分级超结构模型为基础,建立了无分流换热网络模型,以年综合费用为优化目标,提出用单层改进量子粒子群算法综合无分流换热网络,即在生成无分流换热网络结构变量的同时,生成换热负荷变量。相比有分流同步综合模型,不考虑分流的同步综合模型的复杂度和求解时间显著降低。采用两个典型算例对该方法的有效性进行了验证。     

单排管空冷散热器换热及阻力特性研究

通过试验及数值模拟研究了单排管空冷散热器的翅片侧流动及换热特性,获得了相对翅片间距和相对翅片高度等参数对单排管空冷散热器的翅片侧换热和阻力特性的影响规律.随着单排管空冷散热器相对翅片间距的增大,翅片侧对流换热系数和阻力随之减小;随着相对翅片高度的增大,翅片侧对流换热系数和阻力也随之减小.