Synthesis of Ta C and Ta_2C from tantalum and graphite in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell

The pressure dependence of the onset of the formation of Ta C and Ta2 C from the elements has been investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction and pyrometry.Ta C has been synthesized by the reaction of Ta and graphite at pressures between 8.6 and 14.3 GPa and at temperatures up to 2,300 K using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Ta and graphite begin to react around 1,100 K at ambient pressure conditions, and the reaction temperature increases with increasing pressure. A linear extrapolation of these data is consistent with recent observations of the formation of Ta C at 90 GPa and 3,600 K. We show that diffusion of carbon into tantalum significantly changes the lattice parameter of up to 2 % in the pressure range of up to19 GPa. In some experiments, Ta2 C was formed concomitantly. The experimentally determined bulk modulus of Ta2 C is B0;exp：= 286（5） GPa. Other tantalum carbide phases were not observed.     

Structural phase transition and metallization in compressed SrC_2

The structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of compressed Sr C2 were systematically investigated up to 200 GPa by using ab initio method. Three new phases are obtained by means of evolutionary algorithm. The confirmed most stable structure has C2/c symmetry at zero pressure, which transforms into an orthorhombic Cmcm phase at 4.5 GPa, followed by another orthorhombic Immm phase, which is stabilized at wide pressure range of 21.5–123.5 GPa, and then transformed into Mg B2-type phase（space group, P6/mmm）. Although Sr C2 has similar structural transformation to that of compressed Ca C2, Sr C2 holds small electron–phonon coupling,which leads to its low superconducting critical temperature（only 1.8 K）.     

Compression behavior of Sm）2Ti2O7-pyrochlore up to 50 GPa：single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 50 GPa has been employed to study the compression behavior of Sm2Ti2O7-pyrochlore. In contrast to earlier reports, we observed no pressure-induced amorphization or pressure-induced anion disorder up to 50 GPa. The experimental study has been complemented by density functional theory-based calculations. A combination of the theoretical and experimental data yields a bulk modulus of 185 GPa, significantly higher than a value which had been reported earlier. In comparison to earlier work, the current study provides more reliable data due to the use of neon as a pressure medium, which provides a more hydrostatic pressure than the aluminum, which had been employed as a pressure medium in the earlier studies. An analysis of the compressibility of Al2B2O7 pyrochlores shows an approximately linear dependence of the bulk modulus on the unit cell volume.     

空预器差压大且堵灰的原因分析及对策

机组启动、油枪投运、煤油混燃、空预器低温腐蚀等诸多因素,会不同程度地引起空预器差压增大,时间久之,会造成空预器堵灰及磨损现象发生,严重影响机组的安全性和经济性。分析了空预器差压大且堵灰的原因,探讨了预防的对策。     

不同电极结构下电场对甲烷/空气火焰的影响

基于电场促进燃烧的理论,为了进一步研究不同电极结构对燃烧的影响,利用定容燃烧弹来模拟发动机气缸内的燃烧,在常温常压不同当量比(0.8、1.0和1.2)下通过分别加载3种不同结构的电极对直流电场与甲烷/空气火焰的关系进行了研究。结果表明:3种电极结构下电场对火焰横向传播均有明显的促进作用,且网状电极下火焰横向传播的促进效果最明显,然后依次是柱状电极和点电极;3种电极结构下燃烧压力一开始均得到不同程度的提高,而网状电极下电场对燃烧压力的影响最为明显。综上所述:3种电极结构中,网状电极下电场对火焰的促进作用最大,在今后的应用中较其他两种电极有更为明显的优势。     

上饶地区水资源利用与经济增长实证分析

为查明上饶地区水资源利用、经济增长与水环境压力的关系,以水足迹法和＂脱钩、复钩＂理论对上饶地区水资源利用、经济增长与水环境压力的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明：上饶地区从2003-2011年,平均水足迹为134.35亿m3,总体呈缓慢上升趋势,农业用水、工业用水为主要耗水部门;在水资源消耗量增加的同时,水资源利用效率也在不断提高,9年间增加了3.36倍;水资源压力远远小于1,水资源自给率值为1.124,说明上饶水资源丰富,属富水区。经济增长与水资源消耗的评价结果中多数年份为强＂脱钩＂状态,经济增长与水环境压力的评价结果中多数呈弱＂脱钩＂状态,说明上饶市的经济发展依赖于水资源的消耗,但经济增长是在恰当利用水资源情况下的增长。     

三门峡市一次大雪天气环流特征以及数值产品解释应用

在分析了环流背景、影响系统以及欧洲数值产品的基础上,结合MICAPS资料和多普勒雷达的反射率因子、径向速度、风廓线产品,对2011年2月28日大雪过程进行分析,同时又对数值产品进一步解释应用.结果表明:阶梯槽的同位相叠加和低层辐合线的加强南压是此次过程的主要影响天气系统;从这次降雪过程的组合发射率因子产品上看,本次降雪过程回波分布均匀、连续、范围较大;基本速度产品显示高层辐散,低层辐合,有利于降雪的形成;风廓线产品显示"天南地北"的形势.这样的流场配置对降雪比较有利,加大了垂直切变,有利于上升运动的加强.欧洲数值预报产品对本次降雪过程有一定的指导作用,高度场有较好的对应关系,温度场偏差较大,对降水量级不好把握.     

油井下用光纤温度压力传感器

研制了一种基于光纤F-P腔与光纤Bragg光栅的温度压力传感器,用于监测油井下的压力和温度。该传感器通过F-P腔腔长的变化监测油井下压力,通过光纤Bragg光栅反射波长的变化监测油井下温度。传感器测压范围0~69 MPa,实验测试和标定结果表明,传感器的压力响应与F-P腔腔长呈良好线性关系,线性拟合度为0.999 999;传感器测温范围5~175℃,温度精度±1℃。实际应用证明,该传感器可实时在线监测井下压力和温度状况,运行正常。     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of SiC–MoSi2 multi-phase coating for SiC coated C/C composites

In order to improve the anti-oxidation of C/C composites, a SiC–MoSi2multi-phase coating for SiC coated carbon/carbon composites(C/C)was prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition(LPCVD) using methyltrichlorosilane(MTS) as precursor, combined with slurry painting from MoSi2 powder. The phase composition and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) methods, and the deposition mechanism was discussed. The isothermal oxidation and thermal shock resistance were investigated in a furnace containing air environment at 1500 1C. The results show that the as-prepared SiC–MoSi2coating consists of MoSi2 particles as a dispersing phase and CVD–SiC as a continuous phase. The weight loss of the coated samples is 1.51% after oxidation at 1500 1C for 90 h, and 4.79% after 30 thermal cycles between 1500 1C and room temperature. The penetrable cracks and cavities in the coating served as the diffusion channel of oxygen, resulted in the oxidation of C/C composites, and led to the weight loss in oxidation.     

Φ6250土压平衡盾构机出渣能力设计计算

简要介绍了土压平衡盾构的排渣系统,指出了保持其土仓压力平衡的重要性。并以太重Φ6250土压平衡盾构机为考察依据,对该盾构机的螺旋输送机的排渣能力和皮带运输机的运输能力进行了设计核算。