血液中K~+、Na~+自动分析仪的研制

用微电子技术实现血液和尿中钾、钠离子分析的自动化和智能化。根据离子选择电极的测量原理,自动完成电极的校正、清洗、测量及报警,并对测量值进行计算和输出分析结果。该测量接近于人体的生理状态,具有很大的临床意义。本文还阐述了系统的组成,软件及硬件配置的设计思想。     

Prediction of shear stress-related hemolysis in centrifugal blood pumps by computational fluid dynamics

A quantitative evaluation of shear stress-related hemolysis in centrifugal blood pumps with different impeller designs has been investigated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to track the shear stress history of the streamlines of red cells. The power law model of the relations among the hemolysis, shear stress and exposure time is used to evaluate the hemolysis in the pumps. Hemolysis tests are also conducted to verify the estimations. Both the estimations and experimentally measured hemolysis levels show that the hemolysis in the streamlined impeller pump developed by the authors is lower than the pump with straight-vane under the same boundary conditions. The approach is proved to be acceptable and practical to predict hemolysis levels of blood pumps.     

分光光度法测定血清样品中的铅

文章研究了显色剂m eso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯)卟啉[T(DBHP)P]分光光度法测定铅的方法。在OP表面活性剂存在下,0.08m o l/L N aOH介质中,T(DBHP)P与铅络合反应形成黄色的配合物,最大吸收波长为479nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.2×105L.m o-l 1.cm-1,组成摩尔比为1:2,铅的含量在0~12μg/25m l范围内符合比尔定律。此方法用于血清中痕量铅的测定,结果令人满意。     

南方鲇摄食碳水化合物后的血糖动力学方程

以南方鲇幼鱼(SilurusmeridionalisChen)为实验对象,进行饲料碳水化合物水平驯养对血糖餐后动力学分析研究.实验以白鱼粉、玉米油、玉米淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物原料,配制等蛋白质(含量为40%)、等脂肪(含量为10%)、不同碳水化合物梯度的4组饲料,饲料碳水化合物水平设计分别为0%,6%,12%,18%.实验鱼喂养8周后,进行一次定量投喂,并在48h内测定相关参数.结果表明:南方鲇摄食碳水化合物饲料后导致血糖水平持续升高.药物动力学方程能够较好的拟合和解释南方鲇食后血糖反应曲线,为进一步探讨肉食性鱼类对摄食的碳水化合物适应性较差的机制提供了模型.     

灰色数列预测在我国税收预测中的应用

准确预测税收总量,对于有效地进行市场经济条件下的宏观调控有着重要的意义。定性分析了我国1992到1997年的税收数据,引入了均值生成算子对原始数据进行处理,建立了GM(1,1)模型,从而发现、掌握税收数据的变化规律,并对未来数据进行了定量预测。为了充分利用新信息,进一步提高预测精度,对数据进行了新陈代谢,再次建模预测。结果表明,用GM(1,1)模型对税收数据进行预测,不仅所需样本小、信息少,而且建模简单,具有很好的预测精度。     

正常脐血TCR Vα亚家族的分布和克隆性表达

目的:了解正常脐血中T细胞受体(TCR)Vα亚家族T细胞的分布和克隆性情况.方法:利用RT-PCR分别扩增10例正常脐血单个核细胞的TCR Vα29个亚家族基因,了解各Vα亚家族的利用情况.阳性的PCR产物进一步经荧光素标记和基因扫描分析产物的CDR3长度,了解T细胞的克隆性.9例健康成人外周血和T细胞株Jurkat作为对照.结果:正常脐血T细胞平均表达17.30±5.48个Vα亚家族,占全部家族的59.65%±18.89%,以Vα3,4,5,6,8,10,12,13,15,17,21和Vα25为多见,健康成人外周血T细胞则大部分表达Vα亚家族,Vα1,6和Vα13在脐血中的表达率高于健康成人对照组,而Vα14和Vα16的表达率则低于对照组.T细胞株Jurkat则仅表达Vα1亚家族.基因扫描显示10例脐血中有2例在Vα24和Vα28 T细胞出现寡克隆性,其余均为多克隆性.结论:脐血中TCR Vα亚家族T细胞分布存在倾斜性,绝大部分TCR Vα亚家族T细胞均呈多克隆性,极个别可出现寡克隆性.     

人体脐带血单核细胞与冰晶间相互机械影响的显微研究

利用低温显微镜观察了脐带血单核细胞在降温过程中与冰晶间的相互机械作用,比较了在不同保护剂情况下有无静电场的降温过程中,冰晶形成和生长以及由此引起的机械作用的变化.结果表明,在脐血中的细胞与冰晶间存在一定的机械作用,静电场的引入在一定程度上改变了冰晶的形成和生长特性,使其细化;不同的保护剂,由于其本身的化学机制不同,对冰晶的抑制影响也不同.     

肝脏FDG代谢模型的参数估计

利用房室模型进行肝脏[18F]氟代脱氧葡萄糖([18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose,FDG)代谢的动力学研究是进行人体功能信息的建模和研究肝脏葡萄糖代谢率的重要手段。动力学研究需要得到血液中的示踪剂浓度随时间变化曲线,将其作为模型的输入,估计出肝脏FDG代谢模型的动力学参数。然而,肝脏存在肝动脉输入和肝门静脉输入。研究分别采用动脉和门静脉的双输入方式和动脉的单输入方式作为血液输入曲线,用这两个输入函数分别进行了肝脏FDG代谢的动力学研究,比较了用两种方法所得到的结果。结果显示,在人体肝脏的FDG代谢研究中,用两种输入曲线得到的结果存在明显的不同,并且用双输入曲线得到的结果更加准确。     

Genistein inhibits human TNF-α-induced porcine endothelial cell adhesiveness for human monocytes and natural killer cells

Cellular immune response is a major barrier to xenotransplantation. Human tumor necrosis factor-α (hTNF-α) possesses cross-species activity and directly amplifies the immune rejection via the upregulation of adhesion molecules on porcine endothelium. We investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the induction of expression of E-sclectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the augmentation of adhesion of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo) and natural killer cells (PBNK), after rhTNF-α-stimulation of porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) in vitro, rhTNF-α-increased adhesiveness of PAEC for both PBMo and PBNK was dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment of PAEC with the selective protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein. The inhibitory effect occurred at the early time of PAEC activation triggered by rhTNF-α, and was completely reversible. PTK activity assay indicated that genistein also suppressed rhTNF-α stimulated activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in PAEC in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that genistein inhibited the upregulation of E-selectin and VCAM-1 by rhTNF-α. These results suggest that PTKs may regulate the expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 on PAEC and the adherence of PBMo and PBNK induced by rhTNF-α. Moreover, dietary genistein, used as an adhesion antagonist, may contribute to managing the cell-mediated rejection in the clinical application.     

Assessment of blood and oxygen delivery to flaps of rhesus using near infrared steady-state spectroscopy

Near infrared spectroscopy has been considered as a potentially ideal noninvasive technique for the postoperative monitoring of plastic surgery. In this study, 6 flaps were raised on rhesus monkeys' forearms. Blood and oxygen delivery to these flaps was monitored following vascular occlusions and inhalation of pure oxygen. Optical fibers were adopted in the probe of the oximeter so that the cutaneous detection could be performed in reflectance mode. Different and repeatable patterns of changes were measured following vascular occlusions on flaps. It is clear that the near infrared spectroscopy is capable of postoperatively monitoring vascular problems in flaps, especially the venous problem. Near infrared spectroscopy showed high sensitivity to detect the dynamic changes in flaps induced by inhalation of pure oxygen in this study. The experimental results indicated that it was potential to assess tissue viability utilizing the dynamic changes induced by some noninvasive stimulation (such as inhaling pure oxygen). It may be a new assessing method that is rapid, little influenced by other factors and less inconvenient to patients.