Age-related lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland of mussels: The role of the antioxidant defence systems

Summary The main cellular defence systems against free radical-mediated oxidative stress are significantly reduced in the dige⁺ive gland of aged (>10 years old) compared to younger (2–4 years old) mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Moreover, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) is increased in the same age group with respect to younger animals. The obtained data indicate that an impairment of the antioxidant defence systems would render the older animals more susceptible to peroxidative stress, thus supporting the general significance of the free radical theory of aging.     

川芎丹参对肾上腺素所致血瘀大鼠模型某些血液流变性的影响

利用肾上腺素（浓度０．１％，０．１５ｍｌ／只）促成急性血瘀模型，分别用川芎、丹参两味中药预防性治疗，观察大鼠的体外血栓、红细胞变形能力、血小板聚集性的变化，探讨活血化瘀药物的作用机理．结果表明：两味中药对大鼠血瘀模型的体外血栓、红细胞变形能力均有明显的改善作用，而对血小板聚集性未见有影响．     

猪血蛋白源利用初探

1.采用动物酶一次性水解猪全血与干血粉获得含17种氨基酸的水解物,蛋白质含量达83.33%。对该水解物进行了氨氮、总氮、蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成的一系列分析。以水解物连续饲养小白鼠30天,未见毒性,分析饲喂30天后的小白鼠血浆蛋白及 SH 含量,发现血清蛋白含量增长,SH 含量未见变化.30天后肝组织重量及指数不变,解剖观察小白鼠也未见病变.进一步说明水解物无毒性,唯免疫器官脾脏增大21%,最后以1%浓度水解物添加普通酱油,结果提高氨氮32.43%.2.对比研究了硫酸水解猪血粉提制复合氨基酸工艺,又研究了猪血蛋白质水解液用石灰乳脱酸制备复合 L—氨基酸的方法。     

The staphylocoagulase family of zymogen activator and adhesion proteins

Staphylocoagulase (SC) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is a potent non-proteolytic activator of the blood coagulation zymogen prothrombin and the prototype of a newly established zymogen activator and adhesion protein (ZAAP) family. The conformationally activated SC·prothrombin complex specifically cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin, which propagates the growth of bacteria-fibrin-platelet vegetations in acute bacterial endocarditis. Our recent 2.2 Å X-ray crystal structures of an active SC fragment [SC(1-325)] bound to the prothrombin zymogen catalytic domain, prethrombin 2, demonstrated that SC(1-325) represents a new type of non-proteolytic activator with a unique fold. The observed insertion of the SC(1-325) N-terminus into the Ile 16 cleft of prethrombin 2, which triggers the activating conformational change, provided the first unambiguous structural evidence for the molecular sexuality mechanism of non-proteolytic zymogen activation. Based on the SC(1-325) fold, a new family of bifunctional zymogen activator and adhesion proteins was identified that possess N-terminal domains homologous to SC(1-325) and C-terminal domains that mediate adhesion to plasma or extracellular matrix proteins. Further investigation of the ZAAP family may lead to new insights into the mechanisms of bacterial factors that hijack zymogens of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems to promote and disseminate endocarditis and other infectious diseases.Received 30 June 2004; received after revision 28 July 2004; accepted 4 August 2004     

Polyisoprenyl phosphates: natural antiinflammatory lipid signals

Lipoxins (LX) and aspirin-triggered 15-epimer LX are leukocyte-derived eicosanoids generated during host defense that serve as down-regulatory signals. The specific intracellular events that govern cellular responses to inhibitory extracellular signals are of wide interest in order to understand pivotal intracellular events in diseases characterized by enhanced inflammatory responses, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. We recently uncovered a novel role for polyisoprenyl phosphates, in particular presqualene diphosphate (PSDP), as natural down-regulatory signals in human neutrophils that directly inhibit phospholipase D and superoxide anion generation. Activation of LXA₄ receptors (ALXR) reverses proinflammatory receptor-initiated decrements in PSDP and inhibits cellular responses. These findings represent evidence for a novel paradigm for lipid-protein interactions in the control of cellular responses, namely receptor-initiated degradation of repressor lipids that is subject to regulation by aspirin treatment via the actions of aspirin-triggered 15-epimer LX at the ALXR, and identify new templates for antiinflammatory drugs by design.     

Sphingolipids in mammalian cell signalling

Sphingolipids and their metabolites, ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are involved in a variety of cellular processes including differentiation, cellular senescence, apoptosis and proliferation. Ceramide is the main second messenger, and is produced by sphingomyelinase-induced hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and by de novo synthesis. Many stimuli, e.g. growth factors, cytokines, G protein-coupled receptor agonists and stress (UV irradiation) increase cellular ceramide levels. Sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane is located primarily in the outer (extracellular) leaflet of the bilayer, whilst sphingomyelinases are found at the inner (cytosolic) face and within lysosomes/endosomes. Such cellular compartmentalisation restricts the site of ceramide production and subsequent interaction with target proteins. Glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin together with cholesterol are major components of specialised membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts, which are involved in receptor aggregation and immune responses. Many signalling molecules, for example Src family tyrosine kinases and glycosylinositolphosphate-anchored proteins, are associated with rafts, and disruption of these domains affects cellular responses such as apoptosis. Sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate derived from ceramide are also signalling molecules. In particular, sphingosine-1-phosphate is involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate can act both extracellularly through endothelial-differentiating gene (EDG) family G protein-coupled receptors and intracellularly through direct interactions with target proteins. The importance of sphingolipid signalling in cardiovascular development has been reinforced by recent reports implicating EDG receptors in the regulation of embryonic cardiac and vascular morphogenesis. Received 16 May 2001; received after revision 29 June 2001; accepted 3 July 2001     

530 nm和632.8 nm波长光诱发血液的荧光光谱对比分析

取健康人静脉血,分别用530nm和632．8nm波长光照射血液并检测其荧光光谱。结果显示,这2种波长光在血液中所激发的荧光光谱结构有很大不同。530nm光引发的荧光辐射强度比较大;632．8nm波长光所产生的发射光谱在原激发光的长波和短波2个方向都有分布。这一结果提示,上述2种波长光与血液相互作用的过程有所不同,因而其对血液的生物效应也会有所差异,这对于进一步研究激光血液照射疗法的治疗机理具有一定的意义。     

锰浸种对大豆幼苗膜脂过氧化和体内保护系统的影响

以2个大豆(Glycine max Merrill)品种(“浙春2号”,“浙春3号”)为材料,设置不同的锰水平,研究了大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长期中各种生理特征的变化规律．结果表明,锰浸种对大豆种子的萌发率影响不大;但在幼苗生长期,适量锰(w(Mn^2 ／种子)=O．001～O．1mg／kg)浸种使大豆叶片的质膜透性(MP)降低,脯氨酸(Pro)含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性升高．说明适量的锰浸种对大豆的生长十分有利。     

分支结构血管中血液的对流换热分析

用有限元方法数值模拟了血管分支结构内血液流动的三维速度场和温度场,得到了分支血管壁面3个典型径向角度的局部努塞尔数和血管截面平均努塞尔数沿管长的变化曲线.结果表明:分支血管入口处的速度场和温度场分布与单管的分布明显不同;不同径向角度的局部努塞尔数相差很大;分支血管入口处截面平均努塞尔数大于单个直管内截面平均努塞尔数,且出现一个极大值Numax.计算了不同分支角度和分支半径比时的截面平均努塞尔数,结果表明:分支角度和半径比对Numax的大小和位置有一定影响;半径比越小,分支血管内截面平均努塞尔数趋于稳定值的速度越快.