生物学实验教学中存在的问题及对策

分析了高师院校生物学实验教学中存在的主要问题，并就如何提高实验教学质量提出了应对措施。     

浅论煤核的形成及其地质意义

根据煤核的产状与形态，分析了煤核的形成机理及形成条件，研究探讨了煤核形成的地质意义。     

龙虾叶状幼体弧菌病防治的研究

对龙虾叶状幼体弧菌病采用多项措施，多种药物防治对比试验研究，总结出用沙－活性炭过滤海水，减少水体病原菌量，用漂白粉消毒水池和用具，杜绝污染源，用土毒素药浴亲虾，避免病原菌由卵带入，选用体格健壮的中年亲虾，保证孵化出的叶状幼体有旺盛的生命力，投放光合细菌、金藻、扁藻、丰年虫幼体、文蛤肉喂叶状幼体，改善叶状幼体营养，增强叶状幼体抗病力，利用光合细菌加速培育水体中有机物分解，净化水质，恶化病原菌生存环境     

The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.     

Bromocriptine-induced removal of endoplasmic membranes from prolactinoma cells

Summary Adenomatous prolactin cells lose 39% of their cytoplasm volume within 7 days after the beginning of bromocriptine treatment. A simultaneous reduction of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus occurs. Their membranes are removed by rapid transport along the secretory pathway to the cell surface and to lysosomal destruction.We thank Prof. E. del Pozo, Sandoz Ltd, Basle, for the generous gift of injectable bromocriptine, Prof. E.R. Weibel, Dept. of Anatomy, University of Bern, for his technical advice, Dr U. Helfenstein, Institute of Biostatistics, University of Zürich, for his help in the statistical evaluation of the results and the EMDO-Foundation, Zürich, for financial support.     

微生物共培养产生新颖活性次生代谢产物的研究进展

微生物源天然产物是药物先导化合物的重要资源之一.近年来,利用微生物共培养产生各类天然产物的研究发展迅速.微生物共培养是一种通过模拟（微生物）栖息地/栖息环境以激活可能的沉默生物合成基因簇并进而诱导微生物产生新次生代谢物的有效方法.与菌株纯培养相比,共培养不仅增加了次级代谢产物的种类多样性,而且其生物活性及产量也得到了提高.文章就近5年来真菌与真菌、真菌与细菌、细菌与细菌等3种类型的微生物共培养研究成果进行了综述,同时简要介绍了用于分析共培养作用机制的多组学技术,并在此基础上探讨了微生物共培养相互作用机制研究的进展及挑战.综述旨在为微生物共培养的深入研究提供借鉴,并为微生物药物的开发提供新思路.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

海南岛美洲斑潜蝇生物学特性及其防治研究

通过室内饲养观察和田间系统调查,研究了海南岛美洲斑潜蝇的生物学特性,并采用干扰作用控制指数（ＩＰＣ）评价了几种杀虫剂对美洲斑潜蝇种群的控制作用．结果表明：１）该虫在海南年发生１９～２０代,卵历期２～４ｄ,幼虫历期３～７ｄ,蛹历期７ｄ,成虫寿命在１５ｄ左右;２）１．８％集琦虫螨克和１％农哈哈对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制效果较好,其干扰作用控制指数分别为０．１１６和０．１１１;而９８％的巴丹对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制效果较差,ＩＰＣ值为０．２４６;４０％的氧化乐果的控制效果最差,ＩＰＣ值为０．３０１     

激光照射对金鱼受精卵生物效应的研究

本文采用He－Ne632．8um激光照射金鱼受精卵,实验结果表明不同剂量的激光照射对金鱼的受精率、孵化时间和孵化率等的影响是不同的,存在一个最佳照射剂量,在此剂量下各生物性能指标均有较大的提高．跟踪观察发现经激光照射而孵化出的金鱼有较大的变异。     

试论人类活动对生物资源的影响

生物资源是人类生存环境的重要组成部分,是人类赖以生活的物质基础。本文探讨了人类活动对生物资源直接和间接的影响,指出人类的许多经济和社会活动已对生物资源构成了严重威胁,如毁林开荒、乱捕滥猎、盲目引种、人口剧增、环境污染等。只有尽快采取措施,制定政策法规,加强宣传教育,积极保护环境和生物资源,人类才能与大自然合谐统一、健康持续发展下去。