The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

陕西省人均粮食与人均耕地变化研究

对陕西省人均粮食及人均耕地变化进行了时空差异分析,结果表明:(1)近50余年的绝大多数年份为人均粮食占有量的递增期,且不同时段的增幅不同;粮食增长率大于人口增长率的时期,对应人均粮食的增长时期;(2)1978—1998年绝大多数地、市人均粮食递增,且地域差异明显;(3)近50多年来全省耕地面积总体逐年递减,近10年来减少之势加剧;同期人口数量的持续增长,造成人均耕地面积急剧减少.相关回归分析显示:各地、市人均粮食绝对增量与其相对增量之间呈正相关,人均粮食增加量占粮食增量的份额整体偏低;提高粮食生产水平及控制人口是增加全省人均粮食占有量的重要途径.     

不同方法测定黄土和古土壤样品粒度的比较

用激光粒度仪和沉降法分别测量了黄土和古土壤的粒度分布,通过对比两种方法测量结果,认为激光法测量的重复性和测量精度较高,小于5μm颗粒含量低于沉降法,平均粒径较沉降法偏粗;造成这种差异的原因主要是不同方法的原理不同和样品中颗粒形状不规则所致.黄土风化成壤过程中形成的次生碳酸盐矿物可能主要存在于小于5μm的颗粒内.     

平面锥形光波导模斑转换器的研究

基于三维有限差分束传输法（FD－BPM）对平面光波导器件中的关键元件之一－平面锥形模斑转换器作了深入的研究，对线性和数种非线性侧面边界的模斑转换器进行了数值仿真和对比，分析了平面锥形模斑转换器侧面边界函数对耦合损耗的影响，以及模斑转换器中模场分布随传输距离的变化，确定了不同长度的平面锥形模斑转换器的最佳侧面边界，指出长度在200－1000μm范围内具有余弦边界的平面锥形模斑转换器性能最佳，并且发现，光纤中的出射光进入模斑转换器以后，光波模式会逐渐发生变化，并最终转化为单模。     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.     

中老年女子服装成衣规格设计--提高服装体型覆盖面的研究

为使尽可能多的中老年女子能根据自己的体型选购到合体的服装，统计分析了中老年女子的人体体型数据，以身胸比来进行体型分类，并在此基础上运用二维区间概率分析方法，制订出对生产具有实用价值的中老年女子合体服装规格参考表，为中老年女子服装的生产提供参考依据。     

胶砂质量比对钢纤维砂浆力学性能的影响

对胶砂质量比和纤维直径对钢纤维水泥浆体和砂浆的力学性能的影响进行了研究 .在水泥浆体中 ,微细钢纤维的增强和增韧作用显著高于较大直径的钢纤维 .在砂浆中 ,随着胶砂质量比的降低 ,较大直径的钢纤维的作用越来越强 ,而微细钢纤维的作用逐渐降低 .不同几何尺寸的钢纤维在水泥浆体和砂浆中具有不同的作用效果 ,尺寸效应显著     

水泥-矿粉颗粒级配与流变性能关系的研究

将不同颗粒群分布的矿粉(即矿渣微粉,后同)、水泥按一定比例匹配,测其净浆流变性能指标及净浆标准稠度用水量,应用Origin软件,以宏观性能指标为z轴,水泥与矿粉D50(颗粒体积分数为50％时对应的粒径值)差为x轴,水泥与矿粉混合样的粉体D50为y轴,进行三维区域图分析,并综合流变性及活性,给出了水泥-矿粉最佳匹配的定性范围。     

基于晶粒尺寸的结构钢热变形流变应力数学模型

从晶粒尺寸角度出发，提出晶粒形变度的概念，建立了一个用以描述金属材料热变形行为的数学模型，具有精度高、简单直观、受分界点影响小且计算曲线连续等优点．该模型具有一定微观物理基础，既能描述动态再结晶前的强化阶段，又能描述动态再结晶后软化阶段的热变形流变应力，对两种结构钢的热变形流变应力进行了计算，并与试验值及其他模型的计算结果进行了比较．     

悬浮共聚合法制墨粉的粒度特性研究

研究了Fe_3O_4表面改性悬浮共聚合法制备墨粉的工艺,试验了主要因素对墨粉粒度的影响。结果表明,当St/BA为5:1、搅拌速度为1000rpm、超声分散时间为15min、水油比为7:1、PVA用量为4％和聚合温度为85℃时,制备的墨粉粒径为12～13μm,达到了商用墨粉对粒度的要求。图9,表1,参10。