BOF--LF--CC生产SWRH82 B硬线钢的洁净度研究

采用系统取样与实验室综合分析,对BOF-LF-CC工艺生产的SWRH82B钢洁净度衍变规律进行研究。结果表明,钙处理后钢中T[ O]和显微夹杂物数量显著下降,轻微增氮;浇铸过程增氧增氮严重;铸坯中<5μm显微夹杂占97%,主要是棱角分明的纯Al2 O3夹杂,球状复合氧化物与CaS和MnS的复合夹杂,简单氧化物或氮化物与MnS的复合夹杂;LF精炼后钙处理,脱氧显著,但使得铸坯中出现很多Al2 O3硬性夹杂,对SWRH82B盘条质量造成严重的危害;中间包结构不合理,卷渣、内衬侵蚀和二次氧化严重,连铸过程钢液洁净度下降。     

含铁炉料间高温交互作用对初渣生成行为的影响

为了考察高炉内烧结矿与块矿间的高温交互反应对其初渣生成行为的影响,本文采用试验研究结合理论计算的方法,研究烧结矿、块矿及其二者混合炉料的初渣生成行为及其初渣特性。结果表明：单种块矿或烧结矿的初渣生成温度区间宽;烧结矿与块矿间的高温交互反应能显著改善块矿的初渣生成行为,并降低其初渣黏度;铁矿石间高温交互反应程度的强弱受其化学成分、还原性能、气孔率等因素的影响。     

Fluoride evaporation and crystallization behavior of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–(TiO2) slag for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

To elucidate the behavior of slag films in an electroslag remelting process, the fluoride evaporation and crystallization of CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–(TiO₂) slags were studied using the single hot thermocouple technique. The crystallization mechanism of TiO₂-bearing slag was identified based on kinetic analysis. The fluoride evaporation and incubation time of crystallization in TiO₂-free slag are found to considerably decrease with decreasing isothermal temperature down to 1503 K. Fish-bone and flower-like CaO crystals precipitate in TiO₂-free slag melt, which is accompanied by CaF₂ evaporation from slag melt above 1503 K. Below 1503 K, only near-spherical CaF₂ crystals form with an incubation time of less than 1 s, and the crystallization is completed within 1 s. The addition of 8.1wt% TiO₂ largely prevents the fluoride evaporation from slag melt and promotes the slag crystallization. TiO₂ addition leads to the precipitation of needle-like perovskite (CaTiO₃) crystals instead of CaO crystals in the slag. The crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃) occurs by bulk nucleation and diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth.     

Effects of additives on the phase transformation,occurrence state,and the interface of the Ti component in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag

The influences of additives on the phase transformation, occurrence state, and the interface of the Ti component in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag were investigated. After oxidation, most of the Ti component in the slag was enriched into the perovskite phase, which served as the Ti-rich phase during the crystallization process. The phase transformation, occurrence state, and the interface of the Ti component were observed to be affected by the addition of different types of agents. During the oxidation process, titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside phases gradually transformed into non-Ti phases (anorthite: CaMgSi₂O₆ and CaAl₂Si₂O₈) in the form of dendrites or columns, which were observed to be distributed at the surface of the perovskite phase. Several more cracks appeared along the grain boundaries of the perovskite phase after the addition of P₂O₅, facilitating the liberation of the perovskite phase. Composite additives combining both an acid and a base, such as CaO + CaF₂ or P₂O₅ + CaF₂, were used. We observed that the disadvantages of using single additives were successfully overcome.     

镍渣表面理化特性及对Pb2+、Cu2+的吸附研究

利用多种表征手段对镍渣的组成和表面特性进行分析,证实了镍渣具备吸附废水中重金属的能力。本实验所采用的水淬二次镍渣中含有含量较高的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO等活性成分,且具备由不同聚合度的Si-O四面体、Al-O四面体或Al-O八面体组成的岛状、链状或网状骨架结构,能够通过离子交换和专性吸附去除溶液中的重金属离子。此外,镍渣粉体表面的碱中心可以为金属阳离子提供有效的吸附位点,且表面在pH=4~12的范围内均带负电,这些都有利于金属阳离子的吸附。镍渣粉体对模拟废液中的Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺吸附实验结果显示,其对废液中的Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺均表现出较好的吸附效果,且对Pb²⁺表现出更好的选择性吸附效果。     

碱矿渣陶粒混凝土密实性及硫酸盐腐蚀试验

通过孔结构、抗渗性和硫酸盐腐蚀试验,研究碱矿渣陶粒混凝土的密实性以及受硫酸盐腐蚀混凝土的退化性能.研究结果表明,对于同种骨料,碱矿渣混凝土的密实性优于普通混凝土;对于同种水泥,陶粒混凝土的电通量较高,其密实性比砾石混凝土的差.混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中浸泡会使混凝土强度先提高再降低,但碱矿渣混凝土强度下降幅度比普通混凝土的小,且碱矿渣陶粒混凝土的下降幅度比碱矿渣砾石混凝土的小.碱矿渣陶粒混凝土具有较好的耐硫酸盐腐蚀能力.     

污水处理系统中噬菌体的浓缩分离和宏合格基因组DNA的提取

以城市污水活性污泥为材料,经分级粗滤、超滤、等密度梯度离心等方法获得高纯度噬菌体悬液,常规SDS方法提取噬菌体DNA.荧光显微镜观察和计数表明浓缩液中噬菌体的纯度和丰度都显著提高;利用透射电镜对浓缩液进行观察,噬菌体的形态呈杆状、线状等多样;基因组提取结果显示,得到的DNA样品纯度高,大小介于20~25kb之间,电泳条带清晰,整个泳道没有弥散现象;利用细菌通用引物对提取的噬菌体DNA进行16SrDNA扩增阴性,说明所得到的噬菌体纯度较高,没有细菌污染.通过实验获得一种高效快捷的从污水处理系统中纯化浓缩噬菌体并进一步获得噬菌体宏基因组DNA的方法,同时为研究环境噬菌体生态分布、多样性组成奠定基础.     

转杯法高炉渣粒化实验研究

由于目前采用的水淬法工艺不能有效地回收利用高炉渣中的能量,因此针对转杯法炉渣粒化工艺,研究了转杯转速、直径和熔渣温度对破碎粒化后渣粒的平均直径和质量分布的影响规律.结果表明:渣粒的平均直径随转速的提高而减小;增大转速,渣粒将远离转杯,其质量分布更均匀.当转杯的转速小于1 000 r/min时,渣粒的平均直径随转杯直径的增大而减小,当转杯的转速大于1 000 r/min时,渣粒的平均直径几乎不随转杯直径变化.熔渣温度对渣粒平均直径和质量分布没有影响.     

Al-Ca质钢包渣改质剂应用试验研究

采用铝造渣球和新型Al-Ca质改质剂,在某钢厂180 t转炉出钢时,对转炉出钢带入钢包的下渣进行了改质处理试验.针对铝镇静钢与沸腾钢两种出钢方式,分别研究了两种改质剂对转炉渣改质的影响及对钢液的作用.试验结果表明:每炉加入200 kg Al-Ca质改质剂的效果与加入400 kg铝造渣球的改质效果相当;应用两种改质剂均未见有明显增碳;在达到同样改质效果时,应用Al-Ca质改质剂既便于精炼处理,又具有非常明显的成本优势.     

硫酸盐修饰的含钛高炉渣光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)

采用高能球磨法,在300℃煅烧2 h合成了具有钙钛矿型的硫酸盐修饰的含钛高炉渣(sulfate-modified titanium-bearing blast furnace slag,STBBFS)催化剂.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见漫反射分析对硫酸盐修饰的含钛高炉渣催化剂进行了表征,确定其具有钙钛矿型;粉体的颗粒形态均为不规则形状,平均粒径为1.5μm左右;在紫外区域具有很强的光吸收能力.由六价铬的还原率来评价STBBFS催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明:与市售TiO2相比,钙钛矿型的STBBFS催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,500 W中压汞灯照射4 h,可将质量浓度为20 mg/L...