企业科技投入效果分析与预测的微观模型

企业科技投入效果分析与预测的微观模型宋远方，曹文华，李清，汪应洛（西安交通大学管理学院，７１００４９）ＡｎＥｃｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｉｃＭｏｄｄｅｌｏｆＲｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｏｆＥｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｃｓｅ’ｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＩ...     

Standards of evidence and causality in regulatory science: Risk and benefit assessment

In this paper we analyze the Russo-Williamson Thesis (RWT) as a standard of evidence in regulatory science, in risk as well as benefit assessment. In our analysis we take account of the recent controversies that have taken place in regulation with respect to the evidentiary requirements necessary for regulatory decision making. RWT's main point is that not only probabilistic but also mechanistic evidence is necessary for being able to infer the existence of causal links. We ask in which way RWT could have an impact upon current decision making about subjecting to regulation (or, to the contrary, leaving them unregulated) certain chemical substances, food stuffs, health claims, and other typical objects of regulation. We show that the application of RWT resolves some of the problems posed by current standards of evidence. RWT makes it possible to determine with higher accuracy if a particular substance should be subjected to regulation or not, even though under certain circumstances RWT itself may turn into a source of regulatory error. The adequacy of RWT as a standard of evidence depends on the precise manner of its application to regulation (particularly the consideration of mechanistic evidence as a complementary or necessary requirement), as well as the assessment of its non-epistemic consequences.     

Ⅲ型碘吸附器在三门核电的应用

碘吸附器在核电厂通风系统普遍使用,是通过吸附空气中放射性碘降低气态放射性排放水平和保障主控室/技术支持中心的可居留性的核心设备。本文主要阐述三门核电有限公司Ⅲ型碘吸附器的吸附剂应用、装卸料机的使用方法等内容,同时介绍了Ⅲ型碘吸附器的先进性和在核电厂主要应用的系统。     

性别、爱情与艳情——文化史视野下对艳情小说概念的再思考

只有在文化史的视野下。才能突显中国古代艳情小说的特异性。艳情小说既是一种文学类型。又是独特的文化现象。放纵与禁忌的奇异杂糅。显示了艳情小说对欲望和情感的独特理解。而这种理解所表达的性别政治观念，是界定言情与艳情的关键所在。     

以和谐社会的眼光看待《项链》的主人公——重塑玛蒂尔德的形象

上个世纪，大多数读者读到莫泊桑的《项链》时，对该篇的主人公，持有反面人物的认识定格。如今已是21世纪了，如果我们还是那样定位玛蒂尔德，那就不符合我们新时代的评判标准了。在构建和谐社会的今天，我们要界定我们这个时代的玛蒂尔德。用现代的标准界定玛蒂尔德，我们会发现：玛蒂尔德身上还具有诚实守信、敢作敢为、勤劳坚韧、坚强勇敢、坚决果断、单纯善良的人性美德。这些都是我们应该加以赞扬并提倡学习的。     

The development and function of regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical subset of T cells that mediate peripheral tolerance. There are two types of Tregs: natural Tregs, which develop in the thymus, and induced Tregs, which are derived from naive CD4⁺ T cells in the periphery. Tregs utilize a variety of mechanisms to suppress the immune response. While Tregs are critical for the peripheral maintenance of potential autoreactive T cells, they can also be detrimental by preventing effective anti-tumor responses and sterilizing immunity against pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the development of natural and induced Tregs as well as the role of Tregs in a variety of disease settings and the mechanisms they utilize for suppression. C. J. Workman, A. L. Szymczak-Workman, L. W. Collison, and M. R. Pillai contributed equally.     

英美文学的精神价值和现实意义

在现阶段中外文学碰撞交流更趋深化。本文以英美文学所蕴含的文化多元性、群体调剂性、社会辅助性等精神价值作为学习探究的要点，进一步具体深入地解析其在中国社会现实化人文价值层面的交互融合和协同再创，从而为英美文学相关产业的物质和精神内核蜕变提供具备实用效益的指引导向。     

基于网络外部效应的利益最大化问题初探

信息技术时代广泛存在网络外部效应。在网络外部效应市场中，消费者具有是否进入市场的选择性优势与容易被生产商锁定的劣势，生产者具有通过锁定消费者来实现稳定利润流的优势与短期内规模有限而不得不实行折扣等的劣势。消费者与生产者应分别运用自己的优势、避免劣势，实现自身利益的最大化。     

轻化工程应用型实践教学模式改革与创新

实践教学是轻化工程专业本科教学的重要环节,也是培养本专业应用型人才的重要步骤.根据专业需要,在理论教学、实践教学及毕业论文教学环节进行改革尝试,提高专业人才培养质量,缩短学生毕业后的不适期.满足纺织染整加工企业对人才的需求.