Near-field surface displacement and permanent deformation induced by the Alaska Mw 7.5 earthquake determined by high-rate real-time ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions

High-rate GPS data from the United States continuously operating reference stations in the Alaska region are processed using the recently developed precise point positioning （PPP） technique. The traditional PPP technique does not fix ambiguities into their integers because these ambiguities do not have an integer nature when data from a single receiver, as well as precise orbit and clock corrections, are used. Additional corrections, i.e., uncalibrated phase delay （UPD）, are needed to fix integer ambiguities and consequently improve positioning accuracy. This study proposes a methodology to compute for wide-lane and L2 （the second L-band frequency） UPDs using the geometry-based model and subsequently applies these parameters to the computation for ambiguity-fixed solutions. The instantaneous displacements of near-field sites, as well as the permanent deformations after the earthquake, are therefore obtained for the January 5, 2013, Alaska earthquake. The real-time performance of PPP solutions are assessed by considering realistic data latency and data interval of corrections. Ambiguity-fixed solutions are compared with ambiguity-float ones. The comparison shows that the positioning accuracy can be improved significantly when the ambiguities are fixed correctly. The solutions using the real-time corrections are also compared with those using post-processing corrections, i.e., Center for Orbit Determination in Europe final orbit and clock. Although the accuracy is somehow degraded because of the data latency and data interval, the real-time results are satisfactory for use in monitoring the small-scale deformation （1-2 cm） caused by the Alaska earthquake. In addition, the kinematic ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions for 7 days around the earthquake are calculated to obtain permanent pre- and post-earthquake deformations. The deformations computed from real-time and post-processing corrections do not appear to be significantly different.     

Interseismic and coseismic displacements of the Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake inferred from leveling measurements

By using precise leveling data observed between 1985 and 2010 across the south section of the Longmenshan fault zone, and eliminating the coseismic displacements caused by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, the interseismic vertical deformation field was obtained. The result shows that the Lushan region, located between the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault （front range of the Long- menshan fault） and the Xinkaidian fault （south section of the Dayi fault）, is situated in the intersection zone of positive and negative vertical deformation gradient zones, indicating that this zone was locked within 25 years before the Lushan earthquake. Based on leveling data across the rupture zone surveyed between 2010 and 2013, and by eliminating the vertical deformation within 3 years before the earthquake, the coseismic vertical displacement was derived. The coseismic vertical displacement for the benchmark DD35, which is closest to the epicenter, is up to 198.4 mm （with respect to MY165A）. The coseismic dis- placement field revealed that the northwest region （hanging wall） moved upwards in comparison with the southeastern region （foot wall）, suggesting that the seismogenic fault mainly underwent thrust faulting. By comparing the coseismic and interseismic vertical deformation fields, it was found that the mechanisms of this earthquake are consistent with the elastic rebound theory; the elastic strain energy （displacement deficit） accumulated before the Lu- shan earthquake was released during this quake.     

利用NOAA数据分析地震前总电子含量异常

利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）发布的电离层总电子含量（TEC）数据,采用从点到面的分析方法,分析了墨西哥2012年3月20日和4月12日两次地震前的TEC数据,发现两次地震前均出现TEC异常,具体表现为：以点计算的震中TEC波形图显示3月20日震前的3月7日、3月15日和3月18日出现TEC异常,4月12日震前的4月4日和4月11日出现TEC异常;以面计算的TEC分布显示震中周边区域在震前出现异于其他地区的TEC增大或减少.     

基于全球眼的地震现场应急救援交通路径分析系统研究

综合运用全球眼监控系统,并采用改进的双向Dijkstra算法作为最优路径选择算法,实现了一种基于全球眼的地震现场应急救援交通路径分析系统,能够为应急车辆及人员提供所在地到地震现场的实时最优的路径以供选择.     

斜拉桥H型混凝土桥塔的有限延性

由于塔梁之间的横向约束,在强地震动作用下斜拉桥的桥塔将产生较大的横向动力响应,为了满足规范规定的抗震性能目标,则须采用较大的桥塔配筋率.同时,桥塔基于弹性设计的思路,还会导致下部结构的工程量增加,其工程经济性值得商榷.为此采用IDA(incremental dynamic analysis)方法研究斜拉桥桥塔横桥向塑性变形分布规律和破坏模式.通过有限元分析和拟静力试验相结合的手段,对H型混凝土桥塔横向破坏机理进行验证,确定所要达到的性能目标,并得到与之对应的可以量化的性能指标.为斜拉桥的有限延性抗震设计提供理论和试验基础.     

基于AETA电磁扰动对九寨沟Ms 7.0级地震的研究

2017年8月8日中国四川省九寨沟县Ms 7.0级地震前, 在震源200 km范围内的九寨沟、松潘、平武、青川、茂县和汶川布设AETA系统的6个监测台。采用窗口为30日的滑动主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)方法, 对6个台站的电磁扰动进行特征分析, 探讨九寨沟Ms 7.0级地震前后AETA系统观测的电磁场变化特征, 并由此提出一种新的临震特征, 即AETA电磁数据经滑动PCA方法处理后得到的“条带异常”。结果显示: 1) 除九寨沟Ms 7.0级地震发震当日, 九寨沟监测台于震前5日至震后15日, 每天在同一时段(5:00 am—6:00 am)出现异常点, 形成“异常条带”, 异常程度在震前大体上呈递增变化, 震后大体上呈递减变化; 2) 震源附近其他监测台也存在异常点, 但发布零散且异常程度较小; 3) 九寨沟Ms 7.0级地震“异常条带”消失后的两个月内, 未出现新的“异常条带”, 且无强震发生。     

Earthquake Disaster Simulation for an Urban Area, with GIS, CAD,FEA, and VR Integration

For a disaster whose scale includes an urban area, it is difficult to be studied with physical experiments. Numerical simulation is found a very efficient tool for such problem. This paper aims at developing an integrated urban earthquake simulation system (UESS) that uses GIS as the model source, CAD as the model generating tools, FEA as damage prediction, and virtual reality (VR) as the post-process platform. An automatic procedure was developed to buildup the 3D structural model of buildings in an urban area, as well as to simulate their earthquake performances, from the digital map of GIS. And the simulation results were presented in an integrated interface with a GIS view-port for position finding, a CAD view-port for 3D structural damage identification, and a VR view-port for 3D dynamic structural vibration display. An urban example with more than 7000 buildings was select to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed system.     

等效线性动力模型在ADINA中的实现

在有限元软件ADINA的开发平台上开发出三维等效线性动力模型.应用该模型分别与正弦应力波作用下粘弹性体应变理论解和一维地基场地地震反应分析的SHAKE91计算结果进行对比,结果表明,编制的模型能较好地反映岩土体剪切模量与应力的关系、岩土体的滞回阻尼特性和剪切模量、阻尼比随剪应变变化的特性,为岩土地震反应分析提供了一种可供选择的手段.     

边坡蠕变失稳研究

边坡在各种地质营力的作用下,它的外形和内在的工程水文地质特性都会随着时间不断地发生变化.采用PLAXIS有限元分析程序来分析边坡的蠕变破坏特性、过程和稳定安全系数随时间变化的规律问题,说明边坡的蠕变特性与岩土体的蠕变特性相似.     

深圳罗湖商务大厦模型振动台对比试验

深圳罗湖商务大厦结构由密柱框架-筒体结构体系改为稀柱框架-筒体结构体系.为比较结构的抗震性能,对设计修改前后的结构进行了整体模型模拟地震振动台试验.首先介绍了振动台试验的过程及现象并分析了结构的破坏模式,然后对比分析了结构的动力特性和加速度及位移反应.研究表明在7度罕遇烈度地震动作用下,在等效刚度下降幅度、结构主体部分(钢筋混凝土部分)最大加速度反应、结构顶点位移反应等方面,设计修改后的结构均小于设计修改前的结构.