软硬酸碱原则及其在有机化学中的应用

本文简要介绍了软硬酸碱原则,并对其在有机化学中的应用进行了探讨.     

The Engagement Approach to Real-World Problem Solving: Toward a Coherent Soft-Systems-Based Theoretical Platform for Real-World Problem Solving

This paper presents an approach to understanding problem solving and innovation from the perspective of engagement. The approach is derived primarily from two research projects undertaken over the last 5 years. The first one into the apparent Comparison Parado in Soft Systems Methodology, and the second an 18-month research program into the social reality implied by Soft Systems Methodology. Engagement is argued to be the innovation of a framework of ideas within a social context. In this sense engagement is an extension of the nature in which humans take ideas and place them inside a social context and use this as a platform to make sense of their environment and take action in such surroundings with an eye to understanding, learning, meaning, adaptation, innovation, and interpretation of such situations. Therefore, this paper presents a conjectured model of Engagement that is argued to be useful in helping to manage social complexity and real-world problem-solving activity. The paper positions engagement as a purely theoretical approach with multidisciplinary applications for whoever would like to use it.     

Designing a Management System for a Rural Community Development Organization Using a Systemic Action Research Process

This paper describes the first phase, 'finding out', of a systemic participatory action research intervention in the management systems of a rural community development organization in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The aims of the intervention were to (a) improve the management system of this organization, and (b) evaluate the usefulness of particular systems methodologies for the improvement of management systems of organizations involved in community development in under-resourced rural contexts. The second phase, "implementation," needs to be completed and thoroughly evaluated before any final conclusions can be drawn about the suitability of the chosen systems framework for Third World type rural contexts. However, the second phase is, at the time of writing, underway and all indications are that an interpretive ('Soft') Systems Methodology, combined with insights from a more functionalist ('hard') approach (with methods chosen through a Critical Systems Thinking framework) holds much promise for participatory systemic interventions in these contexts.     

鳖鳃腺炎与腐皮病并发症的组织病理学研究

对鳃腺炎与腐皮病并发症的鳖的肝、脾、肾、肺、肠和精巢等6种器官进行病理组织学切片,并与健康鳖的相应器官组织进行比较。结果显示：病鳖的器官组织出血,组织细胞出现肿胀、坏死、崩解,最终造成全生组织损伤;血管腕扩大,血管壁严重受损,内皮细胞坏死脱落;血管内及血液中的大量红细胞变形、破裂、溶解。此外,还对病鳖的4种组织匀浆液初步进行了抑菌实验。     

基于软开关技术的电流变高压控制电源的设计及仿真分析

设计了一款基于软开关技术的高压电源,并进行了仿真分析.该电源由单片机控制,采用平面变压器为系统的升压元件,可提供最高达5000 V的电压输出,且电压连续可调,稳定性也能满足要求.它对实现电流变技术的工程应用有着重要的意义.     

有硬夹层的上覆土层破裂过程的数值模拟

对大量的震害资料调查研究发现,发震断层上覆土层中含有软硬土层时,对整个上覆土层的破裂过程及最终破坏状态有一定的影响.本文在研究发震断层上覆土层中含有软夹层的基础上,采用平面应变有限元法模拟了发震断层错动时,含有硬夹层的上覆土层的破裂过程.对其破裂过程及破裂状态进行了分析,并将其与以往的研究成果对比,可以看出硬夹层的存在对上覆土层的破裂过程和最终破裂状态影响较小,与有软夹层的情况相比,当硬夹层的厚度小于、等于5 m时,可以忽略上覆土层中硬夹层的存在.     

东营凹陷沙河街组第2段三角洲前缘砂体的夹层分布模式

以东营凹陷梁11断块为例,综合岩心、测井及其综合解释成果认为,三角洲前缘砂体内夹层以泥质、钙质为主,局部发育过渡性夹层;并总结、建立了各类夹层的电性、物性识别标准.结合沉积微相分布,充分利用开发区密井网特征,对三角洲前缘亚相的水下分流河道及河口坝砂体夹层分布规律进行了分析,认为水下分流河道内主要为泥质夹层和钙质夹层,横...     

移相控制的ZVS PWM DC/DC全桥变换器的占空比丢失研究

本文详细研究了移相控制全桥零电压开关脉宽调制变换器ZVS的工作原理,分析占空比丢失原因,介绍此种现象的一些改善措施。     

中国情景下“软科学”及发展路径探讨

中国软科学的研究,取得了一定的成就,但是专家和学者在研究的很多方面还没有完全达成共识,存在诸多质疑,制约着软科学的发展.围绕软科学研究的概念、研究方法和研究机构等几个方面的质疑开始探讨,指出中国软科学的发展方向是,必须在理论和实践上对软科学作进一步的深入界定和探索,促进软科学的可持续发展.     

水泥混凝土路面应力吸收层功效分析

由于旧水泥混凝土路面接缝点存在应力集中,旧水泥混凝土路面上的加铺层极易产生反射裂缝;而设置了应力吸收层的水泥混凝土路面加铺层却得到良好的改善,为了验证水泥混凝土路面中应力吸收层的功效并探究功效大小,利用有限元原理,对设置应力吸收层和未设置应力吸收层的加铺层路面结构进行分析;通过建模分析,结论数据表明,设置应力吸收层后,水泥混凝土路面接缝点的加铺层结构受到的应力得到很大程度的缓解,从而有效控制反射裂缝的发生和延伸恶化,延长了公路的使用寿命.