坩埚式堆芯捕集器熔融物长期冷却过程

堆芯捕集器是三代核电厂常用的严重事故后果缓解措施之一。在中国核电工程有限公司研发的新型堆芯捕集器中,设计者创新性地提出通过内置冷却管提高熔融物的冷却速率的设计方案。以江苏田湾核电厂堆芯捕集器设计为基础,采用FLUENT软件建立了相关数值模拟模型,研究了坩埚式堆芯捕集器中熔融物长期冷却过程,在此基础上探讨了内置冷却管对加快严重事故缓解进程的贡献。计算结果表明,坩埚式堆芯捕集器中氧化物层以由外向内的过程冷却,外部先形成的硬壳会阻碍衰变热的导出,增加了冷却全部熔融物所需的时间。通过增设内置冷却管可以为内部区域提供额外的冷源,从而提升熔融物的冷却速度,加快严重事故后果缓解进程。     

从“非典”和“新冠”看疾病新名词的定名策略

疾病的定名是中国医学史上的一项重要议题。随着中国综合国力的提升、国际话语权的增强,现今疾病新名词的定名不再是单纯的翻译实践。文章以“新型冠状病毒肺炎”和“非典型性肺炎”为例,对照两者的定名过程,并对相关术语的语义关系及语义成分加以分析,提炼出疾病新名词定名需注意的四方面问题,为疾病定名工作提供些许线索。     

基于ANSYS的严寒地区公路隧道二次衬砌纵向变形特性分析

严寒地区温度变化较大,隧道二次衬砌结构会发生较大的纵向变形,从而产生开裂。研究严寒地区二次衬砌纵向变形,可以对今后严寒地区公路隧道的变形设计研究和隧道的开裂养护工作提供一定的参考,具有实际的研究价值和意义。采用ANSYS数值模拟分析方法,对在严寒地区温度场中某隧道二次衬砌结构与防水材料之间接触时发生的变形特性进行了研究。研究结果表明:严寒地区隧道二次衬砌的纵向变形受温度的影响十分明显,温差越大,其变形和应力也越大,当温差为-44℃时,二次衬砌结构内产生的应力值为2.03 MPa,超过了限定的抗拉强度2.01 MPa,就会出现开裂。     

Tubular pure copper grain refining by tube cyclic extrusion–compression (TCEC) as a severe plastic deformation technique

Tube Cyclic Extrusion–Compression(TCEC) method is a novel severe plastic deformation technique developed for grain refining of cylindrical tubes to ultrafine grained(UFG)/nanostructured ones. In this method, tubes are fully constrained and deformed between chamber and mandrel with a small neck zone. The principle of TCEC technique which was adopted to impose severe plastic strains to the tubular materials was explained. Also, the deformation and grain fragmentation mechanism during TCEC was analyzed. The material deformation characteristics during TCEC were numerically simulated by FE code of ABAQUS/Explicit. The FEM results demonstrated that TCEC technique was able to impose extremely high plastic strains. The TCEC method was successfully applied to a commercially pure copper(99.99%) and significant grain refinement was achieved. TEM observation demonstrated the refinement of grains from the initial size of 45 μm to 200–350 nm after four processing cycles of TCEC. Microhardness measurements were carried out across the thickness of the initial and processed tubes. The results show good homogeneity of hardness distribution and an increase to 102 Hv from initial value of 55 Hv after four TCEC cycles. Mechanical properties of the specimens were extracted from tensile tests. The obtained results documented notable increase in the yield and ultimate strengths, whereas the uniform and total elongations decreased. Fracture surfaces after tensile tests were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and the observed morphology indicates ductile fracture mode after four cycles of TCEC.     

连续性血液净化治疗对重症急性胰腺炎患者内皮细胞通透性的影响

目的探讨连续性血液净化治疗对重症急性胰腺炎(severeacutepancreatitis,SAP)患者内皮细胞的作用.方法人脐静脉内皮细胞(HumanUmbilicalVeinEndothelialCells,HUVEC)按实验分组分别用16例健康对照组血清,38例 SAP患者连续性血液净化(ContinuousBloodPurificantion,CBP)治疗前、治疗6h、治疗20h血清体外干预脐静脉内皮细胞5h.transwell小室观察内皮细胞通透性变化,激光共聚焦显微镜观察 F actin应力微丝的表达及分布.结果 SAP患者 CBP治疗前内皮细胞通透性较健康对照组明显增高(P<0.01),CBP治疗6h、治疗20h后通透性均降低(P<0.05),但治疗20h组与治疗6h组相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05).激光共聚焦结果显示,与健康对照组相比,CBP治疗前 SAP患者内皮细胞 F actin应力微丝的数量及密度均明显增加,CBP治疗6h后,F actin应力微丝形成减少,治疗20h后减少更加显著.结论重症急性胰腺炎患者内皮细胞通透性明显增加,CBP治疗可以显著降低 SAP患者内皮细胞通透性,其机制可能与调节 F actin应力微丝形成与分布有关     

兴安盟地区2008～2009年脑出血临床监测分析

目的：了解兴安盟地区脑出血的流行病学特征,为本地区针对性的预防和控制脑出血发生提供理论依据.方法：监测兴安盟地区2008-04～2009-03新发生脑出血病例,对其分布情况进行分析.结果：兴安盟地区2008-04～2009-03新发生脑出血病例数为423例,男性发病人数为258例,发病年龄高峰为51～60岁.脑出血的发病高峰日是1月1日（α=1.1852°）,高峰季节为10月1日至下年4月1日.结论：通过本次临床监测初步了解兴安盟地区脑出血发病流行病学特征,可为今后本地区针对性的预防和控制脑出血发生提供理论依据.     

A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus （Isolate BJO1）

The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-assoclated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs.We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (B J01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 20RFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS-associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to be involved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host.Two amino acid changes have been detected in the M protein,which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides no evidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of other possible SARS-related pathogen(s).     

食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者3种治疗方法比较

目的 评估套扎术(EVL)、硬化剂(ES)治疗及药物治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效．方法 回顾性分析182例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者的曲张静脉消失率、止血成功率、再出血率、死亡率．结果 药物组65例，3d止血成功率63．1％，死亡率37％，再出血率60％；硬化剂治疗组37例，止血成功率86．4％，死亡率10．8％，再出血率29．3％，EVL治疗组80例，止血成功率95．1％，曲张静脉消失率97．5％，再出血率17．5％．结论 垂体后叶素在控制急性出血方面有效，但短期再出血率高；硬化剂近期疗效好，止血成功率高，曲张静脉消失率较高；EVL治疗组食管静脉曲张根除率高，短期内再出血率低，可作为食管静脉曲张破裂出血的首选方法之一。     

中国暴雨时期热带低空急流与高空急流的特征

在1971—1983年之间,长江中上游出现56次暴雨,据此,求出暴雨的日雨量与24小时前印度季风区各站850hPa和200hPa纬向风的相关系数分布图,得出暴雨与南亚低空急流和高空急流存在着很高的相关关系。进而对其中3次暴雨过程低空和高空流场及空间结构进行了分析,其形势十分相似。暴雨期间,索马里低空急流和阿拉伯海高空东风急流强而稳定,高低空散度场也较强。沿经圈剖面的季风环流圈、哈得来环流圈和中纬度环流圈都十分显著。当低空和高空急流减弱时,暴雨也明显减弱。