川西南山地轮歇地、撩荒地与荒芜人工草地的群落结构研究

本文论述了川西南山地不同演替阶段,不同人为影响下的轮歇地、撩荒地及荒芜人工草地的环境生态,植物种类组成,群落数量特征,优势度与生产能力,特别比较了不同演替年限的植被经济类群比例。着眼于合理利用,提出通过人工生态因素的渗透促进植被的进展演替和重建优化的次生群落。     

陆相断陷盆地单井岩心相分析专家系统

将专家系统的判断和搜索等推理功能运用到岩心相识别领域,从而产生了一个人工智能型岩心相分析系统——陆相断陷盆地单井岩心相分析的专家系统(CFAES).该系统选用了具有自动匹配、回溯、表递归处理和数据库等功能的逻辑程序设计语言PROLOG语言,采取以沉积相类型识别为目的的目标驱动推理机制,实现了单井岩心相快速、客观和启发性的专家式分析;并能作为分析人员的学习辅助工具,随时提供沉积相分类和相标志等沉积学知识.CFAES在渤海湾盆地的两口井中进行了试用.结果表明,它能够象沉积相专家那样去完成相类型的识别任务.     

燕山地区中-上元古界油苗及其油源研究

燕山地区中—上元古界有大量石油显示。本文主要分析了该地区油苗和油源岩的地化特征,通过油—岩对比进一步证实了油苗的原生性,并指出铁岭组油苗主要来源于铁岭组灰岩。研究表明,该地区中—上元古界油苗是世界上层位最古老的原生液态石油之一,而且该地区有着良好的找油前景。     

论复杂系统演化理论的变革及其复杂性规律问题的探讨

复杂性是复杂系统的本质特征,非线性复杂性对线性简单性的变革是本质属性的根本性变革。这种变革理论涉及方方面面;变革引发的复杂系统演化规律问题,值得探讨。     

Caecilian viviparity and amniote origins

A recent evaluation of alternative hypotheses for the origin of the amniotic egg, by mapping a single reproductive-mode character onto a phylogeny of tetrapods, concluded that the alternative hypotheses were equally parsimonious. However, this interpretation is dependent upon a mistaken coding of the caecilian amphibians as showing extended embryo retention. Although some caecilians are viviparous, phylogenetic analyses indicate that oviparity is ancestral for the group. With the coding of caecilians corrected, the most parsimonious inference is that the ancestral amniotes did not practice extended embryo retention. A review of the available data indicates that the widespread view that a majority of caecilians are viviparous is mistaken. Oviparity is the dominant reproductive mode in caecilians as it is in other living amphibians.     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙气田储层沉积相分析

对鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙气田上古生界山西组-下石盒子组主要含气层沉积环境与沉积相的研究认为本区经历了海陆过渡相-陆相的沉积演化过程,其中山西组为三角洲相沉积,下石盒子组为曲流河沉积。曲流河道的边滩微相,多呈不对称的透镜状平面上错列分布。沉积相类型与气藏富集有着密切的关系。     

塔里木盆地上寒武统地震相及沉积相分析

塔里木盆地范围广泛,单依靠钻井揭示和露头是无法对全盆埋藏较深的上寒武统地层的沉积特征进行定性分析和描述。针对盆地上寒武统地层地震相研究较少的现状,笔者通过覆盖全盆的600多条二维地震测线对地层的地震反射特征进行描述和总结,确定地震相和沉积相转换的关系。利用反射波的反射外形,内部构型,振幅,连续性和频率等地震反射特征,在上寒武统下丘里塔格组的反射中识别出了7种地震相,并将地震相转化为5种沉积相,确定了碳酸盐岩台地模式。本次研究显示塔里木西南地区和东部地区应该能发育良好的烃源岩,下一步的勘探重点应该在麦盖提地区。     

New species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria,Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life

Three new species of Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattellidae) cockroaches from Australia are described. One surface dwelling species, P. rosensis, was collected from south-east Queensland, and two cavernicolous species, P. kookabinnensis and P. weinsteini, were collected from central Western Australia and north-east Queensland respectively. All three species demonstrate eye and wing reduction, consistent with adaptation to a homogeneous environment. P. weinsteini and P. rosensis species demonstrate sexual wing dimorphism, which is most clear in the former. P. weinsteini is very similar to P. rosensis, and they are probably sister species. I suggest that some surface dwelling species may have given rise to cavernicolous species as a result of isolation in moist refugia during periods of increasing aridity in Australia in the late Cenozoic.     

Larval feeding habits of the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera)

The host-plant relationships of the Hepialidae are discussed in relation to host range and larval tunnelling behaviour. Larvae are mostly phytophagous on live angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes and mosses. Generally they specialize as feeders of leaf, stem/branch or root tissue, but dietary transitions from leaf to stem and root to stem occur in some species. An early period of mycophagy where larvae feed on fungi or dead decaying plant tissue is recorded in a wide range of species that feed on live embryophytes in later instars. Feeding patterns of the Hepialidae are compared with those of other major lepidopteran taxa and the evolutionary implications of hepialid feeding habits for the origin and derivation of larval host-plant relationships in Lepidoptera are discussed. It is suggested that the developmental transition from mycophagy to phytophagy in the Hepialidae is the result of partial ‘suppression’ of mycophagy in the generalist feeding ancestor of Lepidoptera.     

Two new Falcaustra Lane, 1915 species (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) from African pipids (Anura)

Two new species of Falcaustra Lane, 1915 are the first to be reported in amphibians from mainland sub-Saharan Africa. Falcaustra puylaerti n. sp. occurs in hosts of the Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis group in Sierra Leone, Togo and Nigeria. Falcaustra hinkeli n. sp. infects Xenopus (Xenopus) fraseri group hosts at localities in the Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Falcaustra hinkeli and F. puylaerti are probably sister species with respect to described congeners and can be differentiated from each other by the form of the cheilostomal structures, the morphometrics of the anterior body, and by a large difference in male spicule length. Both lack a precloacal pseudosucker and are separated from other Falcaustra spp. which share this characteristic by the pattern of male caudal papillae and by a cheilostomal ring with associated sclerotized elements and posteriorly directed projections. Evolutionary aspects of the host-parasite relationship are discussed. Although alternative hypotheses are possible, the distinctive cheilostomal morphology, the sister species relationship and the host specificity pattern of F. hinkeli and F. puylaerti are consistent with their having undergone an extended evolutionary association with the host genus.