密闭腔室内爆炸效应的数值模拟

为研究密闭腔室内爆炸效应的特性,采用有限元计算方法,对某密闭腔室内中心装药爆炸后流场的产生、传播和壳体动态响应全过程进行了数值研究. 从物理建模、网格划分、求解文件建立和计算结果分析等几个方面进行了较为详细的论述. 计算结果给出了密闭腔室内自由场几个观察点的压力时程曲线、腔室壁面上几个观察点的爆炸载荷压力曲线. 研究结果可以为公共场所等大型建筑物内爆炸效应研究以及结构强度设计提供理论依据.     

容器内强爆炸波的高分辨率的数值模拟

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的高阶Ｇｏｄｕｎｏｖ格式对正方形、正三角形和圆形容器内中心强爆炸波的演化进行了数值模拟,着重讨论了容器壁面压力最高值发生的时间和地点以及由于Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ不稳定性引起的激波阵面不对称发展的过程．     

Factsage计算MgO含量对高炉渣粘度的影响

利用Factsage软件研究不同温度下,MgO含量对高炉渣粘度的影响,并对MgO的影响机理做了讨论与研究。结果表明：在较低温度下,随着MgO含量在一定范围内提高会导致炉渣粘度升高;在较高温度下,随着MgO含量在一定范围内提高会导致炉渣粘度降低。     

水稻主要有害真菌生物防治研究进展

水稻真菌病害是影响水稻高产的严重病害。生物防治是防治水稻病原真菌病害十分重要的途径。根据近几年国内外对水稻真菌病害生物防治的研究情况,主要综述了水稻主要真菌病害生物防治过程中生防菌的种类和应用,包括真菌、细菌和放线菌的种类和应用及生物防治中存在的问题。     

Isolation and characterization of rl（t）, a gene that controls leaf rolling in rice

Moderate leaf rolling is one of the most important morphological traits in rice breeding for plant ideotype. Previous studies have shown that the rl（t） gene has a high breeding potential for developing hybrid-rice varieties with an ideal ideotype, because it leads to an appropriate leaf rolling index （LRI） of about 30 % in the heterozygous state, and had a positive effect on grain yield. In this study, we isolated rl（t） and performed a preliminary investigation of its function in regulating leaf rolling in rice. DNA sequencing identified a single base change （G to T） in the finely mapped region （11 kb） containing rl（t）, and this is located in 3′-untranslated region （3′-UTR） of the only predicted gene, Roc5 （Rice outermost cell-specific）. The expression level of Roc5 is significantly higher in the rl（t） mutant than in the wild-type. Using RNAi and overexpression analysis, we found that the expression level of Roc5 correlated with LRI and leaf bulliform area, and wasalso associated with leaf abaxial or adaxial rolling. These results confirmed that Roc5 controls leaf rolling in a dosagedependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a conserved 17-nt sequence （called the GU-rich element） in the 3′-UTR of HD-GL2 （Homeodomain-Glabra2） family genes including Roc5. Based on the model of this element in regulating mRNA stability in mammals, we speculate that the single nucleotide change in this element accounts for the higher expression level of Roc5 in the rl（t） mutant compared to the wild-type, which ultimately leads to adaxial rolling of the leaf. This discovery further enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice.     

煤粉与半焦的混合燃烧特性及动力学分析

为探究煤粉添加半焦后混合燃料的燃烧性能,通过热重分析研究煤、半焦及其混合物的燃烧过程,得到燃烧特性参数.由于不同温度区间的燃烧反应机理不同,利用分段法对燃烧过程进行动力学分析,对燃烧反应的前、后期分别使用缩核反应模型和缩核内扩散模型进行模拟,从而得到动力学参数.结果显示,随着混合燃料中半焦含量增加,其可燃性指数和燃烧特性指数都减少,燃烧前期活化能由76.79 kJ·mol-1增加到92.75 kJ·mol-1,后期活化能由102.62 kJ·mol-1增加到107.94 kJ·mol-1,说明半焦的添加会降低混合燃料的燃烧性能.对比不同半焦含量的混合燃料的燃烧特性参数和动力学参数,半焦的质量分数应控制在15%以内最适宜.     

动态氧化条件下含钛高炉熔渣中金属铁的聚集、长大与沉降行为

为了探明动态氧化条件下含钛高炉熔渣中金属铁的聚集、长大及沉降行为,通过高温氧化实验研究氧化时间、空气搅拌强度和纯氧氧化对金属铁沉降的影响.此外,还研究动态氧化过程中熔渣的温度与黏度变化情况,计算金属铁在熔渣中的沉降速度.实验室与1200 kg中试实验结果表明,向熔渣鼓入氧化性气体,低价钛化合物减少,熔渣温度升高,黏度减低,促进金属铁聚集、长大和沉降分离.氧化时间过长,熔渣中(FeO)与低价钛化合物基本消失,金属铁回收率下降.氧化终点的判断应以保留一定含量(FeO)与低价钛为依据.     

近距离爆炸荷载作用下砌体墙动态响应及破坏过程的数值模拟

为了探索砌体墙在近距离爆炸荷载作用下的破坏规律及碎块抛射规律,通过AUTODYN建立数值模型,得到在近距离手提箱包炸弹爆炸荷载作用下砌体墙的荷载分布规律及碎块抛射速度规律.结果表明:12墙、24墙、加固24墙在爆炸荷载作用下破坏规律是相似的.24墙及加固24墙相对12墙碎片抛射速度有较明显的降低.加固24墙由于聚氨酯加固膜的兜裹作用,最终会明显减小碎块的出墙面位移和速度.此外砌体墙各测点抛射速度与比例距离的关系曲线与超压峰值与比例距离关系比较相似.     

爆炸移除钢筋混凝土框架柱抗倒塌性能数值模拟

基于已有的爆炸移除钢筋混凝土框架柱的实验数据,利用有限元软件AUTODYN建立了一个分离式与整体式相结合的4层2跨钢筋混凝土框架结构的三维有限元模型,并采用三阶段分析法,对爆炸移除钢筋混凝土柱的结构动力响应和破坏形态进行了数值模拟,且考虑炸药、空气与结构的流固耦合作用和应变率对材料的动态本构特性的影响.在爆炸移除短边中柱与角柱两种工况下,计算得到的柱破坏形态和梁柱节点动态位移与实验结果吻合较好,还分析了柱内纵筋对RC框架结构的动态响应的影响以及柱的破坏失效过程.计算结果表明:对发生塑性和弹性变形区域分别采用分离式和整体式建模,不仅保证了钢筋混凝土框架柱的爆破作用过程数值模拟的真实性和适用性,又大量缩短了计算时间,可为今后爆炸荷载作用下RC框架的参数影响分析和连续倒塌破坏模式控制提供参考.     

Formation mechanism of the graphite-rich protective layer in blast furnace hearths

A long campaign life of blast furnaces is heavily linked to the existence of a protective layer in their hearths. In this work, we conducted dissection studies and investigated damage in blast furnace hearths to estimate the formation mechanism of the protective layer. The results illustrate that a significant amount of graphite phase was trapped within the hearth protective layer. Furthermore, on the basis of the thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of the graphite precipitation process, a precipitation potential index related to the formation of the graphite-rich protective layer was proposed to characterize the formation ability of this layer. We determined that, under normal operating conditions, the precipitation of graphite phase from hot metal was thermodynamically possible. Among elements that exist in hot metal, C, Si, and P favor graphite precipitation, whereas Mn and Cr inhibit this process. Moreover, at the same hot-face temperature, an increase of carbon concentration in hot metal can shorten the precipitation time. Finally, the results suggest that measures such as reducing the hot-face temperature and increasing the degree of carbon saturation in hot metal are critically important to improve the precipitation potential index.