Biological role of major transplantation antigens in T cell self-recognition

Summary The proposal is made, illustrated and supported by experimental evidence that T cell-mediated immunopathology triggered initially by low- or non-cytopathic infectious agents may cause diseases, susceptibility to which is linked to the major histocompatibility gene complex.This summary is an updated version of the paper given on the occasion of the Paul Ehrlich Prize ceremonies in 1983; it was also presented at the meeting New Trends in Allergy II in München 1985, and is reproduced here with the permission of Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.     

电子束熔化成形与锻造Ti6Al4V合金的腐蚀行为对比研究

本工作采用电化学工作站研究了电子束熔化技术（EBM）成形TC4样品和传统锻造TC4在3.5wt% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为. 结果表明EBM成形TC4样品的非平衡微观结构使其与传统锻造的TC4相比,表现出不同的耐腐蚀性. EBM成形TC4样品与锻件TC4相比,EBM成形样品不同平面存在耐蚀性差异,而且EBM水平面大于锻件,EBM垂直面小于锻件. EBM成形TC4样品垂直面出现的腐蚀性能的各向异性主要是β柱状晶导致的. 在腐蚀的过程中,点蚀优先发生在α晶界,因为晶界能量较高,形成多孔的钝化层. 本项工作有助于丰富增材制造制备TC4合金在航空钛合金领域的腐蚀性能研究.     

改进的YOLOv4肺结节检测算法

针对目标检测YOLOv4算法在肺结节检测中存在的小目标漏检和肺结节位置失真等问题,设计了一种改进的YOLOv4肺结节检测算法.在原始YOLOv4网络的基础上,将特征融合网络的上采样过程替换为双线性插值法,并采用张量堆叠的方法使顶层的语义信息与底层的位置信息形成更高通道的特征张量.实验结果表明,与原始的YOLOv4算法相比,改进的YOLOv4算法在公开数据集LUAN16上的平均精确度与预测速度分别提高了4.54%和28.1%,可视化结节位置表达更精准.     

基于掺铕钨酸盐荧光强度比的非接触温度传感

为了突破传统测温技术应用的局限性,利用NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺玻璃陶瓷（glass ceramics,GC）实现了具有非接触、实时响应、自校准等优势的双模荧光强度比（luminescence intensity ratio,LIR）测温。采用高温熔融淬灭法制备出含NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺纳米晶的透明GC样品,并进行系列光谱测量和热敏性能分析。结果表明,样品中Eu³⁺的激发态能级⁵D₁和⁵D₀和基态能级⁷F₂和⁷F₀为两对独立的热耦合能级,可分别基于这两对热耦合能级实现性能优异的双模LIR温度传感。该双模LIR测温技术数据可靠、测温范围广、灵敏度高,再结合GC材料优势,是可用于光纤温度传感器的核心技术材料。     

Morphological,biochemical and molecular changes during ectomycorrhiza development

Summary An ectomycorrhiza, a specialized root organ, is the result of a complex interaction leading to a finely-tuned symbiosis between a plant and a compatible ectomycorrhizal fungus. Ultrastructural observations combined with cytochemical and biochemical studies reveal that structural and metabolic changes in the symbiont cells lead to the final phenotype of the active ectomycorrhiza. In the present review these changes are interpreted as changes in gene expression and discussed within the context of ectomycorrhiza development. Recent genetic data indicate that the continued vegetative growth of the ectomycorrhizal hyphae and the root tissues, and their ability to switch to symbiotic organ formation, is basically controlled by developmentally critical genes. The activity of these symbiotic genes during the differentiation of ectomycorrhizas is associated with extensive changes in the concentration of particular polypeptides and protein biosynthesis. The present state of knowledge about the developmental biology of ectomycorrhizas allows only speculation about the events during their development.Puisant mes forces aux sources des galaxies En buvant la sève des arbres M. Jonasz     

镁合金表面热喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr粒子沉积及分布特性

为了探究高速空气燃料热喷涂（AC-HVAF）过程中喷涂粒子撞击基材后的沉积特性。采用AC-HVAF热喷涂技术在AZ80镁合金基体上沉积WC-10Co-4Cr硬质涂层。通过离散沉积实验获得薄层沉积粒子,探讨各种沉积形貌的种类、形成原因、结合机制及射流中粒子的径向和轴向分布。结果表明：在AC-HVAF粒子沉积过程中,嵌入型沉积为主要的沉积形貌,同时包含少量的破碎型与空腔型沉积粒子。在涂层的形成过程中,嵌入型沉积对涂层/基体结合性能起重要作用;空腔型沉积的小颗粒及破碎型沉积的大颗粒是造成沉积效率下降的主要原因。喷涂粒子主要集中在射流中心,越靠近射流边缘,空腔型沉积粒子越多,最终导致AC-HVAF粒子射流呈现出空间分布特征。     

Cu~(2+)与三磺基四苯基啿卟啉配位反应研究

利用吸收光谱法和直流极谱法研究了Cu~(2+)的还原状态、抗坏态、抗坏血酸浓度及溶解氧对Cu~(2+)与三磺基四苯基卟啉配位反应的影响。结果表明Cu~(2+)与三磺基四苯(?)基四苯基卟啉配位反应的可能机制为抗坏血酸首先将高价铜还原为亚铜,亚铜离子与配位剂生成对氧成对氧敏感的不稳定中间体Cu~(Ⅰ)——三磺基四:苯基卟啉配合物,立即又被溶解氧氧化为Cu(Ⅱ)——Ⅱ)——三磺基四苯基卟啉配合物。     

满江红鱼腥藻glnA基因上游调控区的克隆及其序列分析

以满江红鱼腥藻（Ａａｃ）提取总ＤＮＡ为模板,通过ＰＣＲ技术,扩增得到其谷氨酰胺合成酶基因（ｇｌｎＡ）上游区．经酶切得到４０９ｂｐ的片段,并将其连接到ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡｋｓ＋上测序．将测序结果与Ａｎａｂａｅｎａ７１２０调控序列比较,有９８２％的同源性．在上游调控中也具有ｎｉｆｌｉｋｅ和Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉｌｉｋｅ启动子,值得注意的是,调节蛋白ＶＦ１的结合位点正好位于ｎｉｆｌｉｋｅ启动子上．所克隆的片段不但对蓝藻固氮、泌氨的基因调控研究具有意义,也对表达载体的构建具有实用价值．