辽河盆地东部凹陷地热史与油气

辽河盆地东部凹陷是在晚白垩世—古新世区域隆起背景上形成的新生代板内裂陷。其构造演化经历了穹窿作用→火山作用→裂陷作用→热沉降作用等阶段，盆地形成机制属“主动裂陷”。利用研究区镜煤反射率（Ｒ０）实测值的统计分析资料，采用Ｒｏｙｄｅｎ和Ｋｅｅｎ提出的有岩脉侵入的非均匀伸展地热史模型，重建古热流和古地温，并计算成熟度Ｃ值。研究结果表明，东部凹陷的沙三段生油岩已进入生油窗；在凹陷的东部陡坡带具有较好的油气远景。     

马尔可夫链在太湖流域梅雨期预报中的应用

依据1954~1991年太湖流域的入、出梅日期以及梅雨集中期,应用马尔可夫链预报了太湖流域1992年和1993年的梅雨期,并利用其平稳分布分析了梅雨期系统在各状态下的概率.应用结果表明:在太湖流域气候条件稳定的情况下,历史数据越多越精确,预测也就越可靠;以马氏链预测梅雨状态的方法是一种概率预报方法,需通过大量的预测检验才能显示出该方法的准确性和可靠性.     

新疆塔里木河湿地保护和建设的研究

新疆塔里木河湿地是我国最长的内陆河流湿地,是多种鸟类栖息与多种候鸟迁徙中转、繁殖的重要区域.本文对塔里木河湿地的基本特征、生态功能、近代变化和其保护与建设的现实意义进行了研究,指出应该重视科学研究,拯救珍稀濒危物种,并提出了相应对策.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for volcanic rocks of the Dasi Formation in southeast Hubei Province, middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its implications

The Jinniu Basin in southeast Hubei,located at the westernmost part of middle-lower val-ley of the Yangtze River,is one of the important vol-canic basins in East China. Volcanic rocks in the Jin-niu Basin are distributed mainly in the Majiashan Formation,the Lingxiang Formation and the Dasi Formation,consisting of rhyolite,basalt and basaltic andesite,(trachy)-basalt and basaltic trachy-andesite and (trachy)-andesite and (trachy)-dacite and rhyolite respectively,in which the Dasi volcanism is volumet-rically dominant and widespread. The Dasi volcanic rocks were selected for SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating to confirm the timing of volcanism. The results indi-cate that there exist a large amount of magmatic zir-cons characterized by high U and Th contents in the volcanic rocks. The concordia ages for 13 points are 128 ± 1Ma (MSWD = 3.0). On account of the shape of zircons and Th/U ratios,this age is considered to represent the crystallization time of the Dasi volcan-ism. The volcanic rocks in the Dasi,Majiashan and Lingxiang Formations share similar trace elementand REE partition patterns as well as Sr-Nd isotopic compositions. In combination with the regional geol-ogy,it is proposed that the southeast Hubei volcanic rocks were formed mainly during the Early Creta-ceous,just like other volcanic basins in middle-lower Yangtze valley. A lithospheric extension is also sug-gested for tectonic regime in this region in the Cre-taceous Period.     

Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.     

Depositional environments of Bathonian sediments from the Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, western India

The pericratonic sedimentary Jaisalmer Basin, west of the Aravalli Ranges, on the westerly dipping eastern flank of the Indus Shelf, is a principal structural element of Rajasthan. Jurassic sediments in the SE comprise non-marine sandstones and conglomerates to nearshore, brackish to marine sands, silts, clays and carbonates, grouped lithostratigraphically into the Lathi, Jaisalmer, Baisakhi, and Bhadasar formations. The Late Bajocian to Oxfordian Jaisalmer Formation is divided, in ascending order, into the Hamira, Joyan, Fort, Badabag, Kuldhar, and Jajiya members. Fossil records providing a Bajocian to Bathonian age for the lower and middle parts of the formation include: a Late Bajocian coral Isastraea bernardiana (d’Orbigny) in the uppermost Joyan Member; Bathonian ammonite Clydoniceras in the basal part of the Badabag Member; Bathonian foraminiferal/bivalve assemblages in the Fort Member. The topmost bed of the Joyan Member represents the peak of first marine transgression of the Jaisalmer Basin, probably contemporaneous with the Late Bajocian one in the neighbouring Kachchh Basin. Based on faunal studies Bajocian to Bathonian sediments of the Jaisalmer Basin can be broadly correlated with those of the Kachchh Basin. The Fort and Badabag members represent the following depositional environments, in chronological order: (a) brackish to shallow fully marine; (b) fully marine with rapidly fluctuating water energy and sedimentation rates; (c) near-shore to lower shoreface with fluctuating energy conditions, salinity and sedimentation rates; (d) near-shore to shoreface channels and storm-dominated marine above fair-weather wave-base; (e) lagoon with fluctuating low to moderate energy, salinity and sedimentation rates; (f) stormdominated shelf to lower shoreface.     

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村聚落分布及其用地特征

在实地调查的基础上，将陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村聚落划分为河谷平原型、坡麓台地型、支毛沟型及墚峁坡型等4种类型．论述了乡村聚落具有规模小、密度小、分布不均匀，沿树枝状水系递减，大多有向阳、向路、向沟等特点．分析了聚落用地情况，其中院落用地较大，占聚落总用地的41．8％-58．6％，人口密度大的绥德、米脂地区，户均聚落占地较少(391m^2)，而人口密度小的榆阳区户均聚落占地较多(498m^2)；乡村聚落实际占地比一般统计数字大47．8％，同时聚落用地数量在不断增大，并向条件好的地方迁移．     

塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制

塔北、巴楚和塔中隆起是塔里木盆地不同世代盆地原型结构复合的产物,对油气的分布起着重要的控制作用.其中,塔中、塔北隆起,为海西期油气运聚的主要指向区,具有良好的储盖条件,是油气重要的聚集场所.中新生代昆仑山崛起,塔西南挤榨前渊形成,致使克拉通内拗陷转化并反转形成巴楚隆起,与塔西南前渊迭加的古生代源岩构成统一的成藏系统.     

塔里木河流域遥感影像数据库系统的设计和建立

目的 采用当前非常流行的数据仓库技术管理塔里木河流域海量遥感影像、背景数据，实现塔河流域管理的数字化、信息化。方法 采用当前流行的数据仓库管理技术，按照空间数据-属性数据一体化、多源数据无缝集成及基于C／S结构和关系数据库3层体系结构的设计思想，将塔里木河流域遥感信息、空间地理信息、多专题信息、社会经济信息，以及多媒体和元数据等各类信息进行集成建库。结果 实现了多类型、多尺度的海量遥感影像、空间地理等基础数据的无缝集成和统一管理。结论 综合使用遥感、地理信息系统、数据库等技术，建立基于动态监测与管理的生态环境信息系统，具有明显的工程优势和技术优势。     

塔里木盆地库车褶皱冲断带的构造特征与油气聚集

根据地面地质调查和地震剖面解释 ,认为库车褶皱冲断带具有分带组合的构造特点 ,即由南侧的滑脱褶皱和北侧的断展褶皱相互匹配 ,实例有喀桑托开背斜与吉迪克背斜、吐孜麻扎背斜与大宛齐背斜、亚克里克背斜与米斯坎塔格背斜以及东秋里塔格背斜与亚肯背斜等 .除了南北分带、上下分层和东西分段特征外 ,库车褶皱冲断带还具有构造分块特点 ,自西向东依次可分却勒、克拉、迪那和阳霞 4大区块 .库车褶皱冲断带的油气聚集主要与侧断坡相关背斜有关