Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galápagos,with a list of species reported from the islands

The hydroid fauna of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, is known largely from reports of collections made between 1932 and 1938 during several Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Of some 100 nominal species (excluding Stylasteridae) reported from the archipelago overall, including species obtained during other expeditions, 81 are recognized as valid. An additional 15 species are added here, 14 of them based on collections undertaken between 1992 and 2000. Leptothecates account for 66 of the 96 species, while anthoathecates comprise the remaining 30. One previously undescribed leptothecate, Halopteris violae, sp. nov., is characterized and compared with H. tenella (Verrill, 1874) and H. minuta (Trebilcock, 1928), species it closely resembles. Gonothecae of Sertularella costata Leloup, 1940 are described for the first time. Plumularia galapagensis, nom. nov., is proposed as a replacement name for the invalid junior primary homonym Plumularia tenuissima Fraser, 1938b (not Plumularia tenuissima Totton, 1930). Under provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the widely used name Cladocoryne floccosa Rotch, 1871 is designated a nomen protectum and assigned precedence over its largely unknown senior synonym Hydra corynaria Bosc, 1797, which is reduced to the status of nomen oblitum. Balella irregularis (Fraser, 1938) from the Galápagos is considered conspecific with Balella mirabilis (Nutting, 1905) from Hawaii and Japan. Six new combinations are introduced: Bimeria laxa Fraser, 1938a is assigned to the genus Garveia Wright, 1859, as G. laxa (Fraser, 1938a); Tubularia integra Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Ectopleura L. Agassiz, 1862, as E. integra (Fraser, 1938a); Campanulina ramosa Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Opercularella Hincks, 1868, as O. ramosa (Fraser, 1938a); Bonneviella minor Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Scandia Fraser, 1912, as S. minor (Fraser, 1938a); Campanularia gracilicaulis Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Clytia Lamouroux, 1812, as C. gracilicaulis (Fraser, 1938a); Sertularia anceps Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Dynamena Lamouroux, 1812, as D. anceps (Fraser, 1938a). Hydroids of the Galápagos are moderately well known faunistically, at least in comparison with those of other areas in the Eastern Pacific Tropical Region.     

中国北方地区茸毛寄蝇亚属分类研究(双翅目:寄蝇科)

寄蝇属％如i舰的幼虫寄生于鳞翅目夜蛾科、毒蛾科等幼虫，成虫取食花粉，主要分布于全北、东洋及新热带动物地理区，是动植物协同进化和农林生态系统害虫生物控制的重要调节者。整理了沈阳师范大学、中国农业大学、北京林业大学和国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站昆虫标本馆藏，采自我国北方15省区市290号茸毛寄蝇亚属Servillia标本，分类鉴定出16种：蛇肛寄蝇T．（S．）anguisipennis和陈氏寄蝇T．（S．）cheni侧条寄蝇T．（S．）laterolinea为中国特有，阿穆尔寄蝇T．（S．）amurensis、火红寄蝇T．（S．）ardens、拟蜂虻寄蝇 T．（S．）bombylia、短头寄蝇T．（S．）breviceps、小寄蝇T．（S．）iota、毛肋寄蝇T．（S．）jakovlewii、艳斑寄蝇T．（S．）lateromaculata、黄寄蝇 T．（S．）luteola、什塔寄蝇T．（s．）stackelbergi、黄白寄蝇T．（S．）ursina、蜂寄蝇T．（s．）ursinoidea、济氏寄蝇T．（s．）zimini和T．（S．）sp．，增补了10个种的省级新分布地。     

历史学视野下的气象资料整理与综合性研究——程民生《北宋开封气象编年史》读后

正程民生著:《北宋开封气象编年史》,北京:人民出版社,2012年5月,438页,38元。ISBN∶978701010661自20世纪竺可桢(1890—1974年)发表《中国历史上气候之变迁》[1]、《历史时代世界气候的波动》[2]和《中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究》[3]等开创性的研究论文之后,历史气象学逐渐形成为一门独立的学科。由于其与天文学史、农学史、地理学史、生物学史、大气物理学史、疾病医疗史、水文学史、自然灾害史等有着密切的关系,一个世纪以来受到不同专业领域学者的高度重视。洪世年与陈文言[4]、周宝珠[5]、程遂营[6]、温克     

The marine red algae of Rodrigues (Mauritius,Indian Ocean)

This paper reports on the red algae of Rodrigues, collected in the framework of the Shoals of Capricorn Programme (10 September to 5 October 2001). In total 68 species are reported, of which 65 represent new records for the island. Although most taxa represent rather common species, which are generally widespread in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean, some are of special interest to algal systematists and biogeographers. Renouxia antillana is reported for the first time for the Indian Ocean. The presence of Renouxia also constitutes the first record of the order Rhodogorgonales for the entire Indian Ocean. A few species have interesting distribution patterns. Halydictyon sp. is restricted in its distribution to South Africa, Mauritius and Australia. Despite these interesting records, the red algal flora of Rodrigues is most remarkable by the absence of several ‘ubiquitous' species.     

The non-marine Crustacea of Antarctica and the Islands of the Southern Ocean: biodiversity and biogeography

A total of 101 verified species and eight ordinal taxa represent the non-marine Crustacea on Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean. The largely terrestrial Isopoda and Amphipoda are confined to some sub-Antarctic and cool temperate islands while the predominantly freshwater Anostraca, Anomopoda, Copepoda (=Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida) and Ostracoda (Podocopida) occur throughout the region. Holocene sea-level rises fragmented freshwater and terrestrial species ranges on New Zealand, Auckland, Campbell, and possibly other South Pacific islands, leaving a legacy of vicariant taxa. Tertiary species probably survived Pleistocene glaciation in aquatic refugia on the New Zealand/South Pacific, Falkland, Crozet and Kerguelen archipelagoes, but there are no valid records of Tertiary Antarctic Crustacea. All 40 Continental and Maritime Antarctic freshwater records can be ascribed to the historic introduction of anthropogenic aliens, Holocene immigration of colonists, returning re-colonists and marine species 'marooned' in epishelf and other coastal lakes.     

华北人民政府与新中国教育的起步

华北人民政府作为中央人民政府的前奏和雏形,为新中国的教育建设做了重要的奠基性的工作,这就是开始进行中、小学教育的正规化建设和对旧中国的高等教育进行改造和院系调整。这些工作对全国其他地区具有样板和示范效应,为新中国的教育建设提供了一个初步的蓝本;新中国的教育事业亦由此迈出了第一步。     

王熙凤与傅彩云的艺术形象比较

作为小说《红楼梦》和《孽海花》中的重要女性形象,王熙凤与傅彩云既有美丽容貌、泼辣性情、爱财贪财及富于心计等诸多相似之处,又不乏人生追求与最终归宿方面的迥然之异,从而映照出她们细微的内心矛盾与情感困顿,彰显出其较为丰满立体的"圆形人物"形象特质,散发出独有的艺术魅力。     

热带太平洋海平面年际和年代际变化研究进展

回顾热带太平洋对海平面长期趋势有重要影响的海平面年际和年代际变化的相关研究,总结包括近期提出的中部型厄尔尼诺在内的2种类型厄尔尼诺对热带太平洋海平面年际变化的影响,揭示了热带太平洋海平面年代际变化与信风年代际变化之间的紧密联系。指出赤道信风的增强对近期热带太平洋海平面变化格局的形成有决定性作用,厄尔尼诺强度的减弱对这种格局有贡献,而拉尼娜的影响有待深入研究。研究资料的局限性导致年代际变化的定量研究成果较少,在研究海平面年际和年代际变化时应用的热通量评估模型有待改进。     

New and little‐known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (Part 3)

The majority of the 58 species discussed, including 10 new species, were collected by scuba divers at 5–10?m in waters around Australia. Species are from Leptoclinides (11), Polysyncraton (11), Didemnum (19), Trididemnum (7), Lissoclinum (8), Clitella (1), and Diplosoma (1), and new species are in all except Trididemnum and Diplosoma. Additional characters (including a pyloric vesicle reported previously in the Holozoidae and several unrelated didemnid taxa) have been detected for the monotypic genus Clitella Kott, , which is recorded for only the second time. A review of known Australian ascidian species confirms the Didemnidae as the most speciose ascidian family in these waters. In this family, there appears not to be appreciable gene flow between tropical and temperate waters and few species have a continuous tropical–temperate range. A preponderance of Western Pacific non‐indigenous species is in the north, while indigenous species, some probably isolated from related tropical ones, are dominant in the temperate waters of the southern half of the continent. Although intraspecific variation and convergence obscures species differences, some aspects of the living organisms detected in in situ photographs contribute to identification. Keys to Australian didemnid species described since the publication of the Australian Ascidiacea part 4, Didemnidae (Kott ) are included.