Investigations on Several Mechanical Problems in Windblown Sand Movement

It is very necessary for the investigation on mechanism of windblown sand movement to understand and find out effective measures of preventing and reducing danger of windblown sands,which also deals with some general characters and hot spots in the scient     

基于Lax-Wendroff型时间离散的高精度GDO方法

将传统的GDQ方法与Lax-Wendroff型时间离散相结合,构造出一种时空同步离散的高精度守恒型差分方法.数值试验证明该方法能够很好的模拟激波、压缩波、稀疏波和接触间断等流场特性,并具有精度高、计算量小、形式简单、边界条件易于处理等优点.     

Plasma sheet stretching accompanied by field aligned energetic ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrument aboard TC-2

The NUADU (NeUtral Atom Detector Unit) instrument aboard TC-2 recorded 4л solid angle images of charged particles (E >180 keV) spiraling around the magnetic field lines in the near-Earth plasma sheet (at ~ -7 RE, equatorial dawn-to-night side) during a geomagnetic storm (Dst =-219 nT) on August 24, 2005. Energetic ion beam events characterized by symmetrical, ring-like, solid angle distributions around ambient magnetic field lines were observed during a 34-minute traversal of the plasma sheet by the TC-2 spacecraft. Also, observations during these multiple crossings of the plasma sheet were monitored by the magnetometer experiment (FGM) aboard the same spacecraft. During each crossing, a whistler-mode chorus enhancement was observed in the anisotropic area by the TC-2 low frequency electromagnetic wave detector (LFEW/TC-2) at a frequency just above that of the local lower hybrid wave. A comparison of the ion pitch angle distribution (PAD) map with the ambient magnetic field shows that an enhancement in the field aligned energetic ion flux was accompanied by tailward stretching of the magnetic field lines in the plasma sheet. In contrast, the perpendicular ion-flux enhancement was accompanied by a signature indicating the corresponding shrinkage of the magnetic field lines in the plasma sheet. Since both parallel ion-flux and perpendicular ion-flux enhancements occurred intermittently, the data were interpreted to imply a dynamical, oscillatory process of the magnetic field line (stretching and shrinking) in the near-Earth plasma sheet, which might have acted to help establish an interaction region in this area which would support continuous aurora-substorm triggering during the ongoing magnetic storm. The whistler-mode chorus may have been produced due to ion gyro-resonance during particle pitch angle diffusion after the plasma sheet compression.     

电子组装无铅钎料用助焊剂的研究现状及趋势

概述了世界电子产品的无铅化趋势及相关立法,比较了世界各国及地区的助焊剂专利文献,分析了助焊剂的研究进展状况,着重论述了微电子组装中无铅钎料专用助焊剂的特点和要求,并提出了开发和研究无铅钎料专用环保型助焊剂需要解决的一些关键问题.最后,归纳了微电子组装无铅钎料专用助焊剂的发展方向和趋势.     

测量LED总光通量的积分球装置中光源位置的探讨

LED作为新兴光源,与传统光源相比在自身结构和发光特性上很不相同.由于LED本身的自吸收效应以及积分球内挡屏带来的测量误差,沿用传统的积分球光通量测量装置来测量LED的光通量误差较大.应对传统积分球装置内光源的位置和挡屏做调整以减小光通量测量误差.由软件模拟的数据和理论推算证明应将LED放置在积分球内壁且与探测器探头在同一平面内成90°.     

黄河灌区水热通量的观测与分析

为解决农田节水问题,进行了田间水热通量观测和水热耦合循环过程机理分析。观测系统主要包括:常规气象、辐射、涡度相关法观测系统以及土壤水分观测剖面。该系统能够连续和稳定地观测土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热循环过程,涡度相关法观测数据具有与国际同类观测一致的精度。对2005年山东省位山引黄灌区冬小麦和夏玉米生长期内水热平衡的分析表明:当叶面积指数较大时潜热是农田能量消耗的主要方式;在冬小麦返青至收割期内作物耗水略小于供水,而在玉米生长期内供水远大于作物耗水,灌区供水充分。     

高通量空气隙膜蒸馏系统的实验研究

该文提出一种高通量的新型膜组件,它采用热液旋转切向湍流入流以冲刷膜面,减小温度和浓度边界层,改善温度和浓度极化,提高传热传质效率,并采用小间隙及膜与冷壁部分接触以减小空气隙的传热传质阻力,从而显著提高蒸馏通量。实验结果表明:最佳切向入流角为30,°膜面接触率为75%~80%。采用这种膜组件的空气隙膜蒸馏系统,当用自来水作为热溶液、间隙为1mm、冷热水温差为65℃时,蒸馏通量可高达120 kg.m-2.h-1,而传统的空气隙膜蒸馏系统(间隙为4mm以上)的最大蒸馏通量仅为28 kg.m-2.h-1。热溶液为15%的浓盐水的蒸馏通量实验也得到类似结果。     

Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 22 and 0. 35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.     

高斯束谐振系统对遗迹高频引力波方向的选择效应

高斯束谐振系统为早期宇宙遗留的随机高频引力波的探测开启了一个非常重要的窗口．本文指出,当入射引力波的传播方向与高斯束不同时,高斯束谐振系统产生的一阶扰动光子流将降低几个数量级,即高斯束谐振系统只对沿某一特定方向传播的高频引力波产生响应．因此,高斯束谐振系统对高频引力波的传播方向具有良好的选择效应．     

旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋特性

以自来水为喷淋介质,对旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋特性进行试验研究.分析喷嘴流量和喷孔直径对喷淋角、液滴Sauter平均直径(SMD)的影响规律,研究旋流压力式喷嘴喷淋液滴尺寸分布、喷淋介质径向通量分布及喷淋周相均匀度.结果表明,喷嘴流量越大,喷淋角越大,液滴尺寸越小;喷孔直径增加,喷淋角和液滴尺寸均增大.低压喷淋液滴SMD集中在250～550μm之间,属于大颗粒,得出计算液滴SMD的关联式.喷淋通量在中心最大,喷嘴流量增大,边缘区喷淋通量逐渐增加,介质喷淋周相均匀性较好.实验结果可以为旋流压力式喷嘴,以及惰性粒子流化床干燥器的设计和改进,提供实验依据.