The natural history of the parasitic wasp Trogus pennator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Host‐finding behaviour and a possible host countermeasure

The parasitic wasp Trogus pennator (Ichneumonidae) attacks the larvae of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae). Female T. pennator were followed in the field as they searched for larvae of the zebra swallowtail butterfly, Eurytides marcellus (Papilionidae), feeding on Asimina (Annonaceae) in central Florida, USA. Predictions of host‐finding theory and interactions with the host were thus investigated in a natural setting. Wasps seldom flew to plants other than Asimina and apparently recognized the plants by visual cues. Plants were attractive regardless of host presence, as the wasps approached plants lacking E. marcellus feeding damage twice as often as they approached damaged plants. However, wasps approached damaged plants at a rate greater than their frequency in the Asimina population, indicating that they can detect host damage before they approach the plants. After approaching within 0.5?m of plants, wasps tended not to land on plants lacking feeding damage. A comparison of the plants they landed on, however, showed no consistent preferences for damaged plants. The weaker trends in the latter data indicate that the presence of feeding damage was not the sole criterion for landing, although it evidently influenced behaviour. After landing, wasps spent more time searching damaged plants than undamaged plants. Butterflies preferred to oviposit on plants shorter than those searched by T. pennator. Possible adaptive consequences of this phenomenon are discussed.     

煤层瓦斯运移的模拟现状分析

本文从实验技术和数值模拟两方面分析了煤层瓦斯渗流、瓦斯抽放、瓦斯涌出和瓦斯突出的模拟现状,总结了前人的研究成果,提出了新的研究方法Boltzmann,这为进一步探讨矿下瓦斯运移提供新的思路。     

FPGA在图象处理中的应用

介绍了FPGA的硬件结构和特性 ,以及采用现场可编程器件FPGA设计图象处理板的原理和设计方法 ,给出了实现图象左右翻转的应用实例。实践证明这种方法速度快 ,编程简单 ,设备具有很高的性能价格比。     

高效快速多种燃气组分色谱分析法

采用热导检测器，通过几种柱的组合．采用多维柱切换系统，并自动完成阀的驱动和信号切换，实现性质不同的人工煤气和液化石油气主要成分一次进样全自动分析，该方法操作简便、分离效果好、灵敏度高、结果准确可靠．     

建立麦克斯韦方程组的新途径

用普通物理学的方法推导了不同惯性系之间产场量的变换式，在此基础上，给出了一咱简便、快捷并且物理意义清晰的建立麦克斯韦方程组的新途径。     

新产品WK-668在下二门联合站的性能评估及应用

分析了河南下二门油矿含油污水处理现状，论述了新型破乳剂WK-668的应用。     

Speed-Sensorless Control Using Elman Neural Network

1. INTanDUCTIONControlling induction motor without sensor is available nowadays. In order to aclileve two-level closed lOops,i. e., digital current lOop and digital speed loop, it is necessary to sense.and digitize the motor phase currentand motor speed. Howver, the sensors involved have the followillg disadvantages. First, they aJre eXPensiveand make up a significan portion of the total cost. Second, they may result in electrical or mechaulcal fault.Based on speed estimation, it is pos…     

金属表面合金化的研究

Rh(001),(111)和(111)表面被Mo合金化的原子绪构已首次成功地用场离子显微镜直接观察到。表面合金化是采用在超高真空系统中气相沉积及随后淬火,低温扩散来实现。交换机制是可能的扩散机制。观察到的环状结构是Rh-Mo合金中Mo原子优先场蒸发造成的。     

提高抽油机井系统效率技术及应用

以河南油田为例,从地面和井下两方面分析了影响抽油机井系统效率的因素,提出了提高系统效率的技术措施。     

Metabonomic analysis of hepatitis B virus-induced liver failure： identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers by fuzzy support vector machine

Hepatitis B virus （HBV）-induced liver failure is an emergent liver disease leading to high mortality. The severity of liver failure may be reflected by the profile of some metabolites. This study assessed the potential of using metabolites as biomarkers for liver failure by identifying metabolites with good discriminative performance for its phenotype. The serum samples from 24 HBV-indueed liver failure patients and 23 healthy volunteers were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） to generate metabolite profiles. The 24 patients were further grouped into two classes according to the severity of liver failure. Twenty-five eommensal peaks in all metabolite profiles were extracted, and the relative area values of these peaks were used as features for each sample. Three algorithms, F-test, k-nearest neighbor （KNN） and fuzzy support vector machine （FSVM） combined with exhaustive search （ES）, were employed to identify a subset of metabolites （biomarkers） that best predict liver failure. Based on the achieved experimental dataset, 93.62% predictive accuracy by 6 features was selected with FSVM-ES and three key metabolites, glyeerie acid, cis-aeonitie acid and citric acid, are identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers.