黄河中游湿地生物多样性及保护对策

黄河中游湿地是指从山西省禹门口到河南省和山东省交界处的东坝头黄河流域的所有湿地,晋豫陕等省已建湿地类型的自然保护区7处.湿地类型包含河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地、河漫滩湿地、沼泽湿地、草甸湿地等,总面积为48.03×104hm2.黄河中游湿地生物多样性丰富,高等植物有110科405属936种,其中苔藓植物有13科17属27种;蕨类植物有11科12属20种;种子植物有85科376属889种(其中裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物83科374属887种);植被类型有52个群系.鸟类17目44科239种,其中国家1级保护鸟类9种;湿地哺乳动物仅有2目2科3种;两栖类动物有2目5科14种;鱼类7目12科82种;其它动物589种.此外,还分析了黄河中游湿地生物多样性保护面临的威胁及其原因,提出了保护对策.     

延河水质的模糊数学评价

根据对延河河水连续5 a的水质污染因子测定数据,运用模糊数学方法对延河的丰水期、平水期和枯水期的水质现状进行了评价.结果表明:与枯水期和平水期相比,丰水期的水质较差,导致河水水质下降的主要污染物是石油类物质.     

治理黄河泥沙的新途径——小北干流放淤

介绍了黄河泥沙的主要来源及危害,提出了治理黄河泥沙的新举措——小北干流放淤,分析了小北干流放淤的客观性和必要性,指出了小北干流放淤对黄河治理的长远影响。     

沁河流域地表水与地下水转换的模拟

黄河中游的沁河流域中下游水文地质情况复杂,地表水地下水转换频繁。为研究该流域水资源形成转换规律,建立了一个基于相似水文响应单元的物理性分布式水文模型,模拟了人类活动用水影响下的水文过程,用简化的渗流模型模拟成层岩溶地区地下水运动。经参数率定和1986—1998年长系列模拟,结果显示:沁河流域水资源量主要受降水影响,地表水与地下水转换量占地下水资源量80%以上。超采地下水导致地下水位下降,引起地表径流量显著减少。成层岩溶影响到多个水文过程,地表水与地下水转换随着岩溶发育而动态变化。     

感潮河道水环境容量理论及计算的若干问题

介绍了感潮河道水环境容量理论及计算的研究现状,分析了存在的主要问题,提出了开展闽江下游河道水环境容量研究的初步设想.     

引黄工程信息系统网络安全的分析

山西省万家寨引黄工程管理局信息系统初步建成，网络安全采用了防火墙、防病毒系统、入侵检测、信息加密、漏洞扫描等防范措施，但仍然存在诸多网络安全的隐患。通过建立物理隔离系统、拨号监控系统，完善防火墙、防杀病毒系统、入侵检测系统、漏洞扫描系统．引黄工程信息系统将成为全方位的安全体系，整个网络将畅通无阻，为引黄工程的生产及办公提供方便快捷的服务。     

新疆塔里木河湿地保护和建设的研究

新疆塔里木河湿地是我国最长的内陆河流湿地,是多种鸟类栖息与多种候鸟迁徙中转、繁殖的重要区域.本文对塔里木河湿地的基本特征、生态功能、近代变化和其保护与建设的现实意义进行了研究,指出应该重视科学研究,拯救珍稀濒危物种,并提出了相应对策.     

Differences between dynamics factors for interannual and decadal variations of rainfall over the Yangtze River valley during flood seasons

The prediction of rainfall in the Yangtze River valley, especially, during flood seasons is the main means for scientists in China working on and the understanding of rainfall-associated processes is a crucial component of this effort. It can be derived f…     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for volcanic rocks of the Dasi Formation in southeast Hubei Province, middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its implications

The Jinniu Basin in southeast Hubei,located at the westernmost part of middle-lower val-ley of the Yangtze River,is one of the important vol-canic basins in East China. Volcanic rocks in the Jin-niu Basin are distributed mainly in the Majiashan Formation,the Lingxiang Formation and the Dasi Formation,consisting of rhyolite,basalt and basaltic andesite,(trachy)-basalt and basaltic trachy-andesite and (trachy)-andesite and (trachy)-dacite and rhyolite respectively,in which the Dasi volcanism is volumet-rically dominant and widespread. The Dasi volcanic rocks were selected for SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating to confirm the timing of volcanism. The results indi-cate that there exist a large amount of magmatic zir-cons characterized by high U and Th contents in the volcanic rocks. The concordia ages for 13 points are 128 ± 1Ma (MSWD = 3.0). On account of the shape of zircons and Th/U ratios,this age is considered to represent the crystallization time of the Dasi volcan-ism. The volcanic rocks in the Dasi,Majiashan and Lingxiang Formations share similar trace elementand REE partition patterns as well as Sr-Nd isotopic compositions. In combination with the regional geol-ogy,it is proposed that the southeast Hubei volcanic rocks were formed mainly during the Early Creta-ceous,just like other volcanic basins in middle-lower Yangtze valley. A lithospheric extension is also sug-gested for tectonic regime in this region in the Cre-taceous Period.     

Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.