氯虫苯甲酰胺200SC对水稻的控害作用及对产量的影响

通过氯虫苯甲酰胺(康宽TM)200SC对水稻螟虫的实验结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果远远优于噻虫嗪、毒死蜱和杀虫单,防效分别达到了89.32%和92.23%,并对天敌昆虫和水稻生长安全.再生稻测产表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻的生长有一定的刺激作用,能明显提高再生稻产量,增产率为32.44%.     

脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地对水稻生长发育及土壤的影响

采用田间试验方法,以改良龟裂碱土为目标,研究施用脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地对水稻生长发育及土壤的影响.结果表明,水稻常规栽培、管理条件下,在盐碱地中施加脱硫废弃物能够改善水稻的生长发育,即增大水稻叶面积指数,提高水稻生物量和产量.当脱硫废弃物+改良剂施用量为(2.5 t+0.5 t)/666.7 m2,泡水量定额为100 m...     

粳型杂交稻寒优湘晴与武育粳3号苗期光合特性的比较

研究了粳型杂交稻与粳型品种的光合特性。结果表明：杂交稻的根系活跃吸收面积、叶片单位鲜重的光合以素含量明显优于粳型品种，它的PSⅠ还原能力、PSⅡ氧化能力和叶片的光合速率，以及对光能的吸收能力均高于非杂交稻，杂交稻类囊体膜中与光合放氧有关的相对分子量为16000－18000、22000－25000，多肽组分在量上也优于粳型品种，根据所得的实验结果，认为杂交稻在光合特性上表现出杂交优势。     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

傣族“竜林”文化的生态意蕴

竜林文化是傣族一种特有的文化。透过这一文化,傣族人展示了他们对森林的生态取向,即以崇拜的方式敬仰森林,以禁忌的方式阻止人们对森林的破坏。借助这些措施,傣族竜林成为了保存完好的自然保护区,弥补了当地其他自然保护区缺乏干性季节性雨林植物的不足。竜林提供的水源、有机肥料和病虫害天敌为傣族人顺利进行稻作生产给予了天然保障,促使他们能够依托稻作农业得以延续和发展。     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

PP333对水稻幼苗几种大量元素吸收及其外流的示踪研究

水培“特青”水稻幼苗经0.2及0.4ppm PP333处理5天,植株生长没发生明显变化,但植株矿质元素含量及根系离子外流都发生变化.在根系,~(32)P及~(36)Rb(K)含量显著增多,~(45)Ca含量减少;在地上部,~(32)P及~(45)Ca含量增多,~(36)Rb(K)含量无明显变化.根系~(36)Rb(K)及~(45)Ca的外流显著地受到PP333的抑制.结果表明,PP333主要是提高了水稻幼苗各部位矿质元素含量,并抑制根系离子的外流.     

几个水稻品种群体茎数灰色预测模型

根据水稻群体茎数变化规律,本文提出了茎数变化的数学模型,并且将参数灰化,建立了灰色模型,提高了预测精度。本文还建立了4类品种的参数与气象条件、管理条件的相互关系子模型。     

光敏核不育杂交稻种子纯度的研究

本文利用等电点聚焦电泳测定酯酶同工酶以鉴定光敏核不育种子纯度;胚芽的酯酶同工酶谱能真实地显现该品种的特征,用作种子的鉴定材料为好;Ks-9/T370为互补型同工酶谱,而W6154/特青为杂种型酶谱;严重劣变的种子,在等电点聚焦电泳下,仍能保持该品种特征的酯酶同工酶谱。     

稻谷壳流化床的燃烧特性

介绍了稻谷壳的物理化学特性及热重试验结果，与煤燃烧特性进行对比，阐述了稻谷壳燃烧过程中，挥发分与焦炭分阶段燃烧的概念；并通过燃烧试验提出了独特的以纯稻谷壳流态化燃烧方式为主的组合燃烧方式，为纯稻谷壳流态化燃烧锅炉设计和运行提供了理论依据。