青蒿离体快繁技术研究

为建立青蒿（Artemisia annua L．）快速繁殖技术体系,以青蒿带腋芽茎段作为外植体,以MS、1／2MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类、不同浓度的植物激素进行青蒿离体快繁培养研究．结果表明：外植体在MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L培养基上诱导丛生芽效果最好;1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L诱导生根效果最佳,可达90％．     

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along a hepatocyte lineage and its application in liver regeneration

Hepatocyte transplantation and bioarUficial liver （BAL） as alternatives to liver transplantation offer the possibility of effective treatment for many inherited and acquired hepatic disorders. Unfortunately, the limited availability of donated livers and the variability of their derived hepatocytes make it difficult to obtain enough viable human hepatocytes for the hepatocyte-based therapies. Embryonic stem cells （ESCs）, which could be isolated directly from the blastocyst inner cell mass, have permanent self-renewal capability and developmental pluripotency and therefore might be an ideal cell source in the treatment of hepatic discords. However, differentiation of hESCs into hepatocytes with significant numbers remains a challenge. This review updates our current understanding of differentiation of ESCs into hepatic lineage cells, their future therapeutic uses and problems in liver regeneration.     

The mobilization of rat’s mesenchymal stem cells into peripheral blood by LiCL and its potency differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent cells, which can differentiate into different tissues. It is still controversial whether MSCs can be isolated from adult peripheral blood （PB） under normal conditions and whether they can be mobilized in a way similar to that of hematopoieUc stem cells （HSCs）. In this study, rat MSCs circulating in the PB under normal conditions can be isolated and cultured, and MSCs from PB and BM can be mobilized by LiCL. The mobilized MSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuron by such factors as β-mercaptoethanol and supernatants of nerve cell cultures. The present study provides a broader perspective on the repair of neural trauma.     

脐带源间充质干细胞的生物学性状及其成脂肪细胞诱导分化

以健康产妇脐带为材料分离脐带间充质干细胞,体外培养扩增传代,做细胞形态观察,计数细胞并绘制细胞生长曲线,用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期以及免疫表型,测定细胞定向诱导分化成脂肪细胞的能力.发现人脐带源间充质干细胞能在体外培养扩增,可定向诱导分化为脂肪细胞并且具有和骨髓来源的间充质干细胞相似的生物学形态和抗原表型.成功建立了脐带源间充质干细胞系,可以作为干细胞研究和应用的新的材料来源.     

迎春花无菌体系的建立以及茎段和叶片愈伤组织的诱导

本文对迎春花无菌体系的建立和茎段、叶片愈伤组织的诱导进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在建立迎春花的无菌体系时,应该选择晴天去采集外植体为好;（2）带芽茎段和叶片的污染率最大,而不带芽茎段的污染率最小;（3）在超净工作台外消毒应先用饱和洗衣粉溶液浸泡10 min,然后用自来水冲洗2-3次,最后再用蒸馏水冲洗2-3次;在进行超净工作台内消毒时,叶片应该先用84消毒液（1%）浸泡5min,无菌水冲洗3次,75%酒精浸泡20s,无菌水冲洗3次,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min,无菌水冲洗3次,而茎段应该先用84消毒液（1%）浸泡10 min,无菌水冲洗3次,75%酒精浸泡30s,无菌水冲洗3次,0.1%升汞浸泡10min,无菌水冲洗3次;（4）在NAA为0.2 mg/L时,高浓度的6-BA有利于不定根的再生,而低浓度的6-BA则更利于愈伤组织的诱导;在NAA为0.2 mg/L时,高浓度的KT有利于愈伤组织的诱导,而低浓度的KT则有利于不定根的再生;（5）NAA更利于不定根诱导,也可诱导愈伤组织。而2,4-D只利于愈伤组织的诱导,不利于诱导不定根。     

藏药材藏紫草的组织培养

文章以藏紫草茎尖作为实验材料,利用植物组织培养技术建立再生系统。实验结果表明,藏紫草茎尖组织培养不同培养阶段的适宜培养基分别为：分化培养基MS＋6BA0.5-1.0mg/L＋IBA0.5mg/L;继代培养基以MS＋6BA0.5-1.0mg/L＋IBA0.5mg/L和MS0培养基交替使用效果最佳;生根培养基1/4MS＋NAA0.5mg/L;PH5.8-6.5较适合,影响试管苗移栽成活率的主要因素是水分。     

62例原发性脑干损伤临床治疗体会

目的：归纳总结对原发性脑干损伤患者的诊疗经验.方法：回顾性总结我院2006-02～2011-06收治的62例原发脑干损伤病例的治疗并评定疗效.结果：死亡34例,植物状态9例,重残8人,中残11人.结论：原发性脑干损伤患者病情重,病情变化快,致死率、致残率高,通过保持气道通畅、低温、药物治疗、神经外科重症监护病房特级护理、后期行康复锻炼、可以尽可能降低伤员致死、致残率.     

黄鳝成体性腺组织生殖干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

通过黄鳝成体性腺组织的体外培养,探讨黄鳝成体性腺生殖干细胞体外分离培养与鉴定的方法.分离黄鳝性腺组织进行植块培养,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长状况.利用H.E、油红O染色、碱性磷酸酶(AP)细胞化学染色等方法对培养细胞进行鉴定.黄鳝成体性腺组织原代培养3～5 d,可见组织周围有细胞迁出,并形成生长晕.15 d左右,生长晕直径可达3～3.2 mm,生长晕中的细胞主要包括:成纤维细胞、神经样细胞、类生殖干细胞三种类型.成纤维细胞呈不对称的长梭形,突起短而多,细胞核较浅,核仁明显,有2～3个核仁,是生长晕的主要细胞成分.神经样细胞具有放射丝状细胞突起,油红O染色呈阳性反应.类生殖干细胞呈圆形,单核或多核,核质比大,AP染色呈现出阳性反应.探索了适于黄鳝成体性腺组织体外培养的条件和方法,并对原代培养的细胞进行了初步鉴定,为进一步利用体外培养的黄鳝成体性腺生殖干细胞开展黄鳝性逆转分子机制研究奠定了基础.     

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) technology: promises and challenges

In 2006, an article published in Cell by Shinya Yamanaka took by surprise the stem cell research community. By performing systematic retroviral transduction of factors enriched in embryonic stem (ES) cells, the authors demonstrated the reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into an ES cell-like state. These cells, baptized iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, were immediately recognized as a ground-breaking discovery. Subsequently, the same authors and other groups reported a similar achievement with human fibroblasts. Two years later, the number of top quality papers on iPS is astonishing, and interest in the scientific community has risen to a fever pitch. But although iPS has the potential to revolutionize Regenerative Medicine, important questions still remain unanswered. Work from multiple laboratories worldwide including ours is focused on deciphering the molecular mechanisms of iPS, and trying to improve the technique to make it suitable for the clinic. In this review article we briefly discuss the past, present and future of iPS, with emphasis on urgent issues to be solved. Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30725012, 30630039 and 90813033), Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-YW-R-48), National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB701504, 2006CB943600, 2007CB948002, 2007CB947804. 2007CB947900) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Development Funds (Grant No. 2008A1-E4011)     

质心法:受类别驱动的RNA二级结构预测方法

RNA二级结构预测问题是计算分子生物学中的一个重要问题.目前的RNA二级结构预测模型和算法都是把待测结构RNA的一级序列作为输入,仅根据输入的序列预测其二级结构.这样做丢失了待测RNA的类别信息,进而无法利用同类别RNA二级结构的保守性.在实际的生物学研究中,对于关心二级结构的RNA,其类别往往是已知的.本文提出一种新的RNA二级结构预测思路:结合类别信息、根据已知的近似形状细化RNA的二级结构.这种方法尤其适用于长度较短、保守性好的非编码RNA.该方法的一个关键问题是如何将一个序列按照近似的形状进行折叠.为此本文首次提出了茎区的"质心"和"质心距"的概念,并且给出了一个结合了Hopfield网络和类别信息的RNA二级结构预测算法.实验表明本文提出的方法在所测试ncRNA分子上效果好于目前的方法.