天然气制氢的园区综合能源系统氢储能优化配置

在我国致力于实现碳达峰、碳中和的要求下,氢能因具有零碳排高热值的特点,氢能产业发展成为我国未来发展的重要目标。针对电解水制氢储能的工业园区综合能源系统能量转换效率不高、制氢量少、经济效益低的特点以及国家对氢能发展大规模低成本制氢的需要,提出了一种以天然气制氢模式代替电解槽制氢的氢储能园区综合能源系统架构。在分析天然气水蒸气重整制氢单元的能耗与能量回收利用以及氢储能单元电、热、气多种能量特性的基础上,建立了天然气制氢储能的氢储能模型;进一步考虑设备投资成本、运行成本、碳排放价格以及制氢效益,以年化投资成本最小与年运行收益最大为目标建立目标函数,利用快速非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行求解,提出了以天然气制氢储能的园区综合能源系统氢储能优化配置模型。最后以新疆某园区为实际算例分析了园区配置氢储能后电源、电负荷、热负荷特性,运行经济效益以及天然气价格与碳排放价格对配置的影响,验证了通过配置天然气制氢的氢储能提升园区综合能源系统制氢量与运行收益的可行性,并指出了适用场景。     

胶州湾北岸不同水体水化学及氢氧同位素特征研究

为研究胶州湾北岸不同水体的水化学及氢氧同位素特征,通过样品测试及特征分析,揭示研究区地下水和地表水的水化学特征、补给来源和相互转化关系。研究结果表明：研究区基岩裂隙水水化学类型以Cl－Ca和Cl－Na.Ca型为主,TDS变化范围为582～1708 mg/l,整体以淡水为主,部分点位受海水入侵影响,呈微咸水特征;第四系孔隙水以Cl－Na和Cl.SO4－Na型为主,整体为咸水且化学组分较稳定;河水和胶州湾海水主要为Cl－Na型,河水水化学组分变化程度较大,受大气降水影响呈微咸水—咸水特征。水样点在Piper三线图上分为裂隙水分布区、孔隙水分布区和孔隙水与地表水混合区三个区域,说明研究区地表水和孔隙水具有密切水力联系,相互转化关系明显。祥茂河河水的主要来源为大气降水;洪江河、墨水河河水为大气降水与海水的混合水,且墨水河受海水混合影响程度大于洪江河;胶州湾海水为河水和标准海水的混合水。地下水主要接受大气降水的补给,不同水体受到不同程度的蒸发作用影响,孔隙水受蒸发作用影响较裂隙水强烈,且裂隙水和孔隙水存在密切的水力联系,孔隙水接受裂隙水的补给。     

混氢天然气物性规律及管道水合物生成模拟分析

氢能是一种绿色低碳的二次能源,在天然气管道中掺入氢气进行大规模运输是当前研究的热门领域。但氢气与天然气混合后因其物性参数的改变,使管道产生堵塞、氢脆、泄漏、聚积、燃烧和爆炸等问题。基于此,利用Aspen HYSYS软件,选取代表性数据,运用理论研究、数据模拟和数据分析等方法,针对不同混氢比下天然气与氢气混合后的物性变化规律和管道水合物生成情况进行模拟分析。结果表明：随着混氢比增大,混合气体温度先降低再升高,在混氢比为36%时达到最低温度;混合后气体质量密度和比热容比与混氢比呈负相关;质量焓、质量熵、质量基准热值、Z因子、热导率、运动黏度均与混氢比成正相关;随着混氢比增大,水合物生成温度降低,压力升高。可见在天然气管道中适当混入少量氢气可抑制水合物的生成;混氢天然气物性参数变化规律为探究适合不同条件下的最优混氢比、保证管道输送及使用的安全性提供了数据基础。     

基于韦伯分布与RBI理论修正的加氢母站设备可靠性分析

针对目前氢损伤失效机理无法量化到失效概率中的问题,更加准确、全面的分析加氢母站设备可靠性,修正RBI理论进行加氢母站设备的可靠性分析,结合双参数韦伯分布、极大似然估计统计分析设备同类失效概率,针对加氢母站设备特有失效机理,创新性地提出氢损伤修正因子与其定量分析方法,整体探讨了加氢母站设备可靠性。结果表明：修正RBI理论的泄漏孔径分类、结合双参数韦伯分布与极大似然估计计算同类失效概率更符合实际工况;结合氢损伤修正因子可得出氢设备失效概率值,氢损伤修正因子敏感性分析表明,氢损伤修正因子对设备失效概率呈正相关,建议对氢设备应采取一些具体措施进行预防性维护,对加氢母站设备安全运营管理与预防决策有重要意义。     

一种培养产氢发酵细菌的改良培养基

为了能够分离到高效产氢的细菌菌株,我们提出了DF系列培养基配方,通过产氢细菌的分离和生长实验,确定了培养基的强还原剂为半胱氨酸,pH为6．通过对培养基对厌氧菌的分离数量、种类和培养基成分的分析,选择DF-1培养基为产氢发酵细菌的培养基．DF-1培养基对从活性污泥中分离的细菌计数的结果分别是1.1×10~(13)和1.5×10~(18)个/毫升．     

氢原子的量子理论

阐述了表征氢原子内在属性的各种物理量的微观本质,证明氢原子系统的量子能量、系统内部电子的量子轨道动量及原子核和电子的量子相对距离均与原子系统所处的量子状态有关.当原子系统处于不同的量子状态时,上述量子物理量的取值完全不同.首次建立适合氢原子特性的量子算符代数理论.根据氢原子的量子哈密顿量表示,结合创新的量子算符代数理论,得到氢原子的能量、氢原子的基态能量、电子轨道角动量、氢原子的光谱常数等各种物理量的理论值.结果表明,氢原子的能量、氢原子的基态能量、氢原子的光谱常数均与氢原子中的原子核及电子的量子尺寸有关.氢原子的光谱常数与实验测定值完全符合.     

Phase evolution process and hydrogen storage performances of V72Ti18Cr10 alloy prepared by Co-precipitation-reduction method

The V₇₂Ti₁₈Cr₁₀ alloy was prepared by a co-precipitation-reduction method in order to consume less energy during whole-life alloy manufacturing, and the phase evolution process in hydrogenation/dehydrogenation process was investigated. The structure refinement analysis of the alloy contented with 1 ?wt% hydrogen after hydrogenation shows that BCC phase, BCC-hydride phase and FCC phase coexisted, but little BCT phase was found. It indicates that the phase evolution process during hydrogenation was BCC→ BCC-hydride→ FCC, nevertheless the formation of BCT phase was restrained. The limited particle sizes of the alloy in the range of 0.1–5 ?μm and fewer defects than the normal alloy ingot contributed to the suppression of BCT formation. The annealed alloy, which had similar particle sizes with the unannealed alloy, has less unevenness of the compositions than the unannealed alloy, and the annealed alloy showed flatter plateau in the hydrogenation PCT (pressure-composition-temperature) curves. However, the BCT phase in the annealed alloy appeared in its dehydrogenation process owing to the produced defects during the following dehydrogenation and the hydrogenation process. The alloy with the limited particle sizes even in the range from 0.1 ?μm to 5 ?μm could not prevent the generation of BCT phase in the dehydrogenation process.     

Influence of heat exchanger structure on hydrogen absorption-desorption performance of hydrogen storage vessel

The influence of heat exchanger structure on hydrogen absorption-desorption performance of hydrogen storage vessel was studied, in which the AB₅ (La_0.25Ce_0.75Ni_4.4Al_0.1Mn_0.1Co_0.4) hydrogen storage alloy was used as a typical representative. In order to obtain the data on reaction enthalpy, the PCT curve of the alloy was measured with three different temperatures, and the linear fitting was carried out according to the Van't Hoff relation curve. The SMCR (Spiral-mini-channel Reactor) reactor structure was adopted. The heat transfer method and its simplified model were studied by finite element method to explore the effect of size of heat transfer structure, particularly for heat pipe diameter, on the hydrogen absorption-desorption performance of hydrogen storage alloy in the vessel.     

Hydrogen storage performance of LaNi3.95Al0.75Co0.3 alloy with different preparation methods

Rare-earth AB₅-type La–Ni–Al hydrogen storage alloys are widely studied due to their extensive application potentials in hydrogen isotope storage, hydrogen isotope isolation and hydrogen compressors, etc. Good hydriding/dehydriding kinetics, easily activation, high reversibility are important factors for their practical application. However, their overall hydrogen storage performance, especially plateau pressure and hydrogen absorption/desorption durability need to be further optimized. In this study, the microstructures and the hydrogen storage properties of as-cast, annealed, and melt-spun LaNi_3.95Al_0.75Co_0.3 alloys were investigated. The experimental results of XRD and SEM showed that all alloys contained a pure CaCu₅ type hexagonal structure LaNi₄Al phase. The cell volume increased in an order of annealed ?> ?melt-spun ?> ?as-cast, resulting in a lower hydrogen absorption/desorption plateau pressure and a more stable hydride phase. The hydrogen storage capacity of three alloys was almost the same. The slope factor of the annealed and melt-spun alloys is smaller than the as-cast alloy, indicating that heat-treatment process can make the alloys more uniform. For the cycle stability of the alloys, the hydrogen absorption rate of the annealed alloy and melt-spun alloy was much faster than that of the as-cast alloy after 500 cycles. The melt-spun alloy showed high pulverization resistance during hydrogen absorption/desorption, and exhibited an excellent cycling retention of 99% after 500 cycles, suggesting that melt-spinning process can enhance the cycle stability and improve the cycle life of the alloy.     

Hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.1Cr1-xMoxMn based alloys with C14 Laves phase

The microstructure and hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_1-xMo_xMn (x ?= ?0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 ?at.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the corresponding alloys were determined as a single phase of C14-type Laves structure. With the increase of Mo content, the maximum and reversible hydrogen absorption capacity decreased, the slope factor H_f increased. Among the studied alloys, (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_0.95Mo_0.05Mn had the best overall properties for practical application of hydrogen storage materials. The maximum and reversible hydrogen storage capacity were 1.76 ?wt% and 1.09 ?wt%, the slope factor H_f was 0.51, and its dissociation enthalpy (ΔH_d) and entropy change (ΔS_d) were 23.1 ?kJ ?mol^?1H₂, 93.8J ?K^?1mol^?1H₂ at 303K, respectively. By studying the dissociation pressures of the synthesized metal hydrides, it was found that Mo had a special effect on the dissociation pressure of Ti–Zr–Cr–Mo–Mn alloys. Among the four alloys, (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_0.95Mo_0.05Mn alloy had the largest hydrogen absorption capacity and the fastest hydrogen desorption rate, which can meet the commercialization demand of hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system.