Effects of methylene blue on electrical behavior of myenteric neurons

Summary Intracellular recording methods were used to investigate the action of methylene blue on electrical behavior of myenteric neurons in guinea pig small intestine. The neurophysiological studies were done in parallel with studies on contractile activity of the intestinal musculature. Methylene blue depolarized the membranes, increased the input resistance, augmented excitability and reduced postspike hyperpolarizing potentials in AH/Type 2 myenteric neurons. These effects, with the exception of suppression of postspike hyperpolarization, were reversed by exposure to elevated calcium. The mechanism of action of methylene blue appeared to be suppression of calcium-dependent potassium conductance in the neuronal membranes. The neuronal action of methylene blue was manifest as a release of excitatory neurontransmitter substances with evoked contraction of the small intestinal longitudinal muscle.     

定性映射诱导的模糊程度函数与神经元

属性的量-质特征转化关系可归结为一个定性映射(QualitativeMapping,QM),利用定性基准[αi,βi]=N(ξi,δi)或x∈[αi,βi] |x-ξi|≤δi,若将pi(ξi)定义为质特征类pi(o)=[pi(x)|x∈N(ξi,δi)]的本征性质,借助于|x-ξi|能表示pi(x)与pi(ξi)间差异,从而能反映pi(x)体现其质特征类pi(o)本质的程度的功能.提出了程度函数ηi(x)及其核|x-ξi|<δi的概念.并指出,由核|x-ξi|≤δi诱导的程度函数中,至少有一类会导致其定性基准[αi,βi]的边界变成模糊的.而m维加权程度函数ηi(x)诱导出一个模糊神经元和网络.还以XOR问题和双螺旋问题为例,给出了利用定性映射函数进行非线性模式识别和分类的方法.     

TSP问题的一种新解法及其神经网络实现

本文给出一种解TSP问题的新方法,在保证路径有效的前提下,所求出的准最优解优于或至少近似于用以前各种方法所求出的解.特别是避免了用Hopfield模型时常常存在的许多不足.文中同时给出这一算法的神经网络实现与仿真结果.     

Differential insult-dependent recruitment of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway during neuronal programmed cell death

Programmed cell death contributes to neurological diseases and may involve mitochondrial dysfunction with redistribution of apoptogenic proteins. We examined neuronal death to elucidate whether the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and the crosstalk between caspase-dependent/-independent injury was differentially recruited by stressors implicated in neurodegeneration. After exposure of cultured cerebellar granule cells to various insults, the progression of injury was correlated with mitochondrial involvement, including the redistribution of intermembrane space (IMS) proteins, and patterns of protease activation. Injury occurred across a continuum from Bax- and caspase-dependent (trophic- factor withdrawal) to Bax-independent, calpain-dependent (excitotoxicity) injury. Trophic-factor withdrawal produced classical recruitment of the intrinsic pathway with activation of caspase-3 and redistribution of cytochrome c, whereas excitotoxicity induced early redistribution of AIF and HtrA2/Omi, elevation of intracellular calcium and mitochondrial depolarization. Patterns of engagement of neuronal programmed cell death and the redistribution of mitochondrial IMS proteins were canonical, reflecting differential insult-dependencies. Received 14 August 2008; received after revision 02 October 2008; accepted 23 October 2008     

轴突起始段胞浆屏障与神经元蛋白的极性分布

神经元是一种极性细胞,以轴突的起始段为界,可分为轴突和胞体树突两大部分。树突负责接收信息,轴突则负责输出信息。这种不对称的功能,依赖于不同功能的蛋白在轴突和树突上的不对称分布。神经元蛋白的极性分布如何形成以及维持,是神经生物学领域的重要问题。我们的研究发现．培养的海马神经元在轴突／树突分化后的两天内,轴突起始段出现一个由微丝纤维和AnkyrinG构成的分子筛,限制了大分子蛋白在轴突和胞体之间的扩散,但允许某些依赖特定马达蛋白转运的膜蛋白通过。进一步研究发现,马达蛋白驱动力的强弱,以及膜蛋白．马达蛋白复合体运输效能的高低,是膜蛋白能否通过该分子筛的决定条件。轴突膜蛋白转运复合体VAMP2-KIF5的运输效能较高,可以穿过分子筛从胞体转运到轴突内,而树突膜蛋白转运复合体NR2B—KIF17和GluR2-KIF5的运输效能较低,不能穿越这个屏障。轴突起始段胞浆屏障这种选择性的滤过功能对维持神经元蛋白的极性转运和分布十分重要。     

DRG(数字栅格地图)生产技巧

从生产DRG的三种基本生产方法讨论DRG生产过程中的技巧和值得注意的问题,探讨各种生产方法的选择和如何提高DRG生产的工作效率.     

网络系统的线性耦合混沌同步

为提高通讯系统的安全性,应用线性耦合同步法对一个由超混沌神经元构成的网络系统的混沌同步问题进行了研究。基于非线性动力学理论,以三维空间中的吸引子、全局分岔图和Lyapunov指数谱表征了该神经元丰富的动力学行为。利用线性耦合同步方法实现了该网络系统的混沌同步,数值计算得到了该系统达到同步时耦合强度参数的取值范围。所得结果为混沌保密通信的应用提供基础数据。     

两种帕金森体外模型的构建及相关研究

为检测a-突触核蛋白(a-Synuclein)在人神经元母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y)中的表达,构建人野生型(WT)和A53T突变型a-Synuclein质粒(p EGFP-SNCA-WT和p EGFP-SNCA-A53T),经酶切鉴定无误后转染SH-SY5Y细胞,并对转染完成的细胞进行嘌呤霉素筛选,然后通过PCR法扩增转染后SH-SY5Y细胞的a-Synuclein片段,并对其进行测序,检测目的基因,运用Western blot法检测转染后SH-SY5Y细胞中a-Synuclein的表达.酶切鉴定结果表明p EGFP-SNCA-WT和p EGFP-SNCA-A53T质粒构建成功,嘌呤霉素筛选和转基因细胞a-Synuclein片段测序结果显示慢病毒表达载体能成功的整合到SH-SY5Y细胞基因组中,Western blot结果表明,转染后的SH-SY5Y细胞能成功的过表达a-Synuclein.a-Synuclein慢病毒表达载体构建成功,并且SH-SY5Y细胞作为宿主细胞能够表达a-Synuclein.为今后帕金森病(PD)体外模型的建立及帕金森病发病机制的研究奠定了基础.     

河北彭家沟银矿床地质特征及控矿因素

论述了彭家沟银矿床的地质特征及控矿因素。