沾(化)车(镇)地区滚动背斜研究

从构造和沉积两方面研究了沾车地区滚动背斜的形成机制。在构造方面，主要包括断层的几何学特征、运动学特征和动力学特征与滚动背斜的关系；在沉积方面，主要包括沉积速率和沉积物的性质。从断面几何形态上看，铲式断面可引起层面的反倾，上凸断面可以形成鼻状构造或滚动背斜，而坡坪型断面则易于形成滚动背斜；从运动学特征上看，大的伸展量和大的断层滑动速率是形成滚动背斜的有利条件；从断面的力学性质上看，张性正断层则易于形成短轴背斜，更易于形成圈闭。从沉积学角度看，形成滚动背斜应以不太大的沉积速率为宜，但不能给出绝对值，因为必须考虑下盘与上盘沉积速率的比值，岩性则以砂泥岩互层最为有利。另外，一定的原始倾斜和差异压实也是形成滚动背斜的有利条件     

王昌龄《诗格》的学术回溯与“三境”说新论

由于《文镜秘府论》的发现和校注等资料的参照佐证，《诗格》著作权归属于王昌龄得到普遍认同，“三境”说逐步走向学术深入研究之路。“三境”说是标举中国古代意境论形成不可缺少的奠基性学说，它使王氏成为“意境”论的主要开创者之一。学术界对“三境”说的认识存在着“三形态”说、三形态与三品格层次兼容说和“三品格层次”说三种不同的看法和论争。笔者认为“三境”说在三种类型诗作中都有品格层次高低优劣之分，而不是物境、情境和意境有品格层次高低优劣之分。     

东营凹陷咸化湖相纹层状烃源岩初次生排烃流体特征

以东营凹陷古近系咸化湖相成熟页岩内顺层纤维状脉体(Beef)为研究对象,基于脉体岩相学、流体包裹体等方面分析,结合显微荧光光谱和激光拉曼光谱等技术手段,在证明Beef为初次生排烃产物的基础上,确定东营凹陷早期烃类流体特征。结果表明:成脉矿物均为铁方解石,整体上为一期成岩产物,脉体生长过程中伴随的烃类流体成熟度总体较低且含有大量沥青质,烃类流体整体上具有较高的芳烃(质量分数平均为38.8%)、非烃(质量分数平均为6.8%)含量及较高的API度(平均为32.9);基于图解特征参数计算得出平均等效R o为0.59%;Beef是东营凹陷成熟页岩内有机质初次生烃导致流体异常高压产生顺层微裂缝的重要标志,由于咸化湖相烃源岩在低熟阶段具有较高的降解率,因此超压压裂顺层微裂缝排烃是早期数量可观的低熟油气排出烃源岩的一种重要方式,且在水平运移过程中伴随有明显的轻重组分分馏效应。     

冀中坳陷潜山内幕油气藏钻井井壁稳定分析

冀中坳陷潜山内幕油气藏钻井过程常面临恶性井漏、井塌和卡钻等复杂情况。通过对华北油田冀中坳陷20余口井的地质工程等资料进行分析,总结了潜山内幕油气藏影响井壁稳定因素:下第三系地层稳定性差(硬脆性泥页岩易垮塌,微米级微裂缝极为发育,岩性复杂多变和地层存在多套压力系统),潜山内幕碳酸盐岩储层孔洞裂缝极为发育,断层和潜山风化壳形成破碎带以及深层井底高温影响。针对井壁稳定影响因素提出相应技术措施:增强钻井液对下第三系硬脆性泥页岩的抑制和封堵性,其中对微裂缝的封堵是关键,异常压力和复杂岩性段要合理设计井身结构,优化钻具组合;碳酸盐地层重点是强化裂缝封堵,且密度是防漏控制因素,与地层压力近平衡的低密度水包油乳化钻井液防漏效果好;利用软化点适当及粒度分布合适的可变形封堵材料对破碎地层形成快速封堵并适当提高钻井液密度有利于井壁稳定;对井底高温情况要选用合适的抗高温钻井液体系,关键要维护好高温高压条件下钻井液的性能,提高其抗温能力,维持高温高压下胶体稳定,稳定流变性能和滤失量。     

穆格莱德盆地凯康坳陷西斜坡地层剥蚀与埋藏史研究

为深入了解穆格莱德盆地凯康坳陷西斜坡地区地层沉积和埋藏史情况,根据回剥法改进的"刘景彦模型",消除多剥蚀面盆地内上覆地层压实作用影响,并利用声波时差计算各剥蚀面剥蚀厚度,在综合分析地层残余厚度与剥蚀厚度的基础上恢复了研究区埋藏史.结果表明:①Baraka与Amal间剥蚀厚度最大,Abu Gabra与Bentiu间剥蚀厚度最小;②斜坡西部与南部剥蚀量大,东部与北部小;③受区域构造运动和沉降速率影响,北部地区沉降速度和沉积速率小,地层埋藏较浅,断层规模小,密度大,发育大量小型断块圈闭;④南部地区沉降速度和沉积速率较高,各组地层埋藏较深,烃源岩进入生油窗时间更早,大型同生断层发育,多见大型断块和断鼻圈闭,石油地质条件优于北部地区.     

库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育规律

从构造裂缝的形成机制出发,对库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层中构造裂缝的发育规律进行了探讨,分析了其影响因素,并建立了砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育模型.分析认为,受砂岩脆性特征和泥岩韧塑性特征的影响,砂泥岩互层中的构造裂缝首先在砂岩层中产生,并逐渐向泥岩层扩展形成裂缝网络.脆性岩层较塑性岩层更易产生大量裂缝,因此,在砂泥岩互层中砂岩层的裂缝密度大于泥岩层,同时,由于砂岩和泥岩内摩擦角的差异,裂缝在砂岩层中的平均倾角也大于泥岩层.单个砂岩层或泥岩层的厚度越小,对裂缝的发育越有利.强非均质性地层较均质地层裂缝更为发育,但共轭剪破裂中的一组裂缝会受到抑制,而以另一组裂缝为主.库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层中泥岩层的厚度小于4.0m的裂缝穿透极限值,表明裂缝可以穿透泥岩层将砂岩层连通,形成大段连续的油气储集空间.最后,根据理论分析建立了砂泥岩互层构造裂缝的发育模型.     

在压抑中寻觅自我--试论《源氏物语》中的紫姬形象

紫姬无疑是《源氏物语》中最引人注目的女性形象。她出身高贵、气质高雅，品貌端庄、性情温柔，但是她不得不交出了作为人的全部自主权，以别无选择代替了一切选择。紫式部通过其婚姻真实地再现了这位外表平静如水、内心隐忍顺从的贵夫人所怀有的“难以忍受的痛苦”以及这痛苦所包含的丰富内涵。     

Pool-formation and secondary change of biodegraded viscous oils: Case study of reservoir section in the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield, Jiyang Depression

It is demonstrated by various geochemical indexes that the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield with viscous crude oil in the Jiyang Depression has been sourced from the contribution of matured source rocks in the upper Es4. The principal cause leading to the densification of crude oils would be biodegradation, with the degradation level of crude oils being ranked as 2-8; vertically, the biodegradation level increases from the top to bottom of the oil column, with a distinctive biodegradation gradient occurring. Calculated parameters of sterane, terpane and methyl-phenanthrene have indicated that the source-rock's maturity of crude oils and asphaltic sands ranges from 0.7 to 0.9, and based on the calculation of Easy Ro model, the temperature of hydrocarbon generation in the source rock would be within 120-140℃, which coincides with the measurements of reservoir inclusions. The measured homogenization temperature would represent the generation temperature of the source rock, and be fairly different from that of reservoir while being charged with hydrocarbons, which reflects the hydrocarbon-charging to be a fast process, and the period of pool-formation to be consistent with that of peaked generation. According to the evaluation of generation history, the pool-formation could have been occurring in 7-15 Ma. And the biodegradation of crude oils in the study area would be considered to take place in 4-15 Ma based on the examination of biodegradation order and dynamic calculations.     

The generation and accumulation of natural gas from Yinan 2 gas pool in Kuqa Depression

By using the methods of hydrocarbon generation kinetics and carbon isotope kinetics, combined with geological background of natural gas pool formation, the generation and accumulation of natural gas from Yinan 2 gas pool was studied in Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin. Natural gas of Yinan 2 gas pool is mainly derived from Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks, and generally belongs to long time-accumulated gas. It is suggested that Yinan 2 gas is chiefly accumulated in the last 5 Ma, its Ro ranges from 1.25% to 1.95%, and the loss rate of natural gas is about 25%-30%. This work not only complements and reduces the deficiency of formation model of natural gas pools which traditionally depends on the matching relationships between source rock, reservoir, cap rock, and trap, but also is a useful reference in the study of other gas pools.     

未成熟油藏的储层成岩作用

金湖凹陷西园－崔庄地区阜二段储层（不论是生物粒屑灰岩还是砂岩）的成岩作用及其孔隙结构都与其含油性关系密切。含油的储层成岩作用浅、物性好、孔喉大、孔隙连通性好；不含油的砂岩和灰岩碳酸盐胶结和颗粒次生加大作用明显加强，物性和孔隙结构差，基本上失去了储集性。由该区的油气成因模式发现，未熟油的生成和聚集时间早（相当于早成岩Ａ亚期与Ｂ亚期的过渡期），较早进入储层的油气抑制了进一步的胶结、颗粒加大等作用，使其仍保持着早成岩Ｂ亚期初期的物性和孔隙结构。储层性质受控于成岩演化，又受控于油气聚集和断块差异活动。