Stable silver nanoparticles–aptamer bioconjugates for cellular prion protein imaging

Combining the unique optical properties of metal nanoparticles and the specific recognition of aptamer,aptamer–nanoparticle conjugates have been extensively used in a wide range of applications,particularly multifunctional nanoparticles for cell detection and molecular imaging.Conventional conjugates prepared by chemisorption of monothiol-modified oligonucleotides onto nanoparticle surfaces suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to a variety of small molecules.If silver is used in place of gold,then this lack of stability is even more pronounced.In this study,we reported here the effective and facile strategy of preparing stable silver nanoparticle–aptamer conjugates by in situ generation of strong metal affinity capping ligands,dithiocarbamates modified anti-prion protein aptamer.The conjugates produced are stable and can withstand NaCl concentration at0.25 mol/L.Meanwhile,they could be applied in the cellular prion protein imaging successfully.     

聚合物包裹双相分散兼具磁学和光学特性NiFeAu纳米粒子的合成与表征

本文采用微乳液法,以PEO-PPO-PEO为表面活性剂,1,2-十六烷二醇为还原剂,以乙酰丙酮镍(Ⅱ)、乙酰丙酮铁(Ⅱ)和醋酸金(Ⅲ)为前驱体,成功制备了多功能NiFeAu纳米粒子.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)和紫外可见近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis)对其形貌、结构和性能进行了分析和研究,在正己烷和水中快速、高效和可逆的分散收集过程形象地展示了该纳米粒子良好的磁学性能和双相分散性.XRD和TEM分析证实了该纳米粒子的结构,SQUID、VSM和UV-Vis测试显示了它在室温条件下具有良好的磁学和光学性能.该NiFeAu纳米粒子有望在磁学、光学和生物医药等领域发挥作用.     

金型与钯型离子聚合物金属复合材料的含水量与变形规律

以具有典型工艺特征的金型和钯型离子聚合物金属复合材料(Au-IPMC和Pd-IPMC)为研究对象,旨在阐释不同工艺过程和电极制备的IPMC材料随含水量变化其机电性能存在差异的现象。测量了两种IPMC材料静态含水量和环境湿度之间的关系,探讨了材料在湿态和干态下与室温湿度交换平衡过程中含水量的动态变化规律,测试了不同含水量下IPMC材料的力电响应关系,并将其转换为不同的湿度环境下的响应关系。实验结果表明:两种电极的IPMC材料在不同的湿度条件下含水量及变形规律具有相似性,即高含水量下呈现松弛变形,低含水量下无松弛变形;与Pd-IPMC材料相比,不同湿度条件下对应的Au-IPMC含水量相对偏低,且在95%稳态湿度下,Au-IPMC材料具有更好的驱动性能,变形达到17.4mm。     

Effects of Au nanoparticle addition to hole transfer layer in organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine and fullerene

Organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine(CuNc) and fullerene(C60) were fabricated, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. C60 and CuNc were used as n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectively. In addition, the effect of Au nanoparticle addition on a hole transfer layer was investigated, and the power conversion efficiency of the devices was improved after blending the Au nanoparticles into the hole transport layer. Nanostructures of Au nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Energy levels of molecules were calculated by molecular orbital calculations, and the nanostructure and electronic properties were discussed.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

不同反应温度和原料对化学沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石的影响

使用不同磷源与钙源制得纳米羟基磷灰石,并利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜、热重分析等分析手段对产物进行表征,探究不同的反应温度、不同原料等实验条件对产物的组成、形貌及尺寸的影响。结果表明：升高温度有利于晶体生长;不同钙源对产物的影响不大,改变磷源对产物组成的影响较大;产物羟基磷灰石中的磷酸根会被磷酸氢根所取代,并且以磷酸氢二钠为原料时产物中磷酸氢根含量最高。     

酸性水热合成 CeO2纳米颗粒的光学和磁学性质

以CeCl3·7H2 O为铈源、NH3· H2 O为矿化剂、HCl为酸性调节剂,利用水热法成功制备了二氧化铈纳米颗粒．采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、紫外‐可见分光光度计（UV‐Vis）、荧光分光光度计（PL ）、拉曼光谱（Raman）和振动样品磁强计（VSM ）等分析测试手段,对CeO2纳米颗粒的晶相、形貌、光学和磁学性质进行了表征．XRD测试结果表明样品的晶格参数略高于块状CeO2的,并随着pH值的增大而减小．所有样品的形貌均为球形．从紫外‐可见吸收光谱中,估计出的样品直接带隙值小于块状CeO2的,且此值随pH值的增加而增加．pH值为2时合成样品具有室温铁磁性,此性质的出现可能与Ce3＋和氧空位的存在有关．     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of electrochemically synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles

In this study, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via an electrochemical method. The effects of reaction parameters such as supporting electrolytes, solvent, current and electrolysis time on the shape and size of the resulting NPs were investigated. The Al₂O₃ NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Moreover, the Al₂O₃ NPs were explored for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under sunlight irradiation via two processes: adsorption followed by photocatalysis; coupled adsorption and photocatalysis. The coupled process exhibited a higher photodegradation efficiency (45%) compared to adsorption followed by photocatalysis (32%). The obtained kinetic data was well fitted using a pseudo-first-order model for MG degradation.     

极性小分子助剂对六甲基二硅氮烷改性纳米SiO2的作用机理

选择水、乙醇作为助剂,利用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)在气固流化床中对纳米SiO2进行表面改性处理,采用FT—IR、TEM等多种手段表征了HMDS对纳米SiO2的改性效果。水和乙醇的引入能有效提高HMDS对纳米SiO2的改性效果及纳米SiO2的疏水程度,改善其在有机相中的分散性。极性小分子助剂在HMDS改性纳米SiO2中的作用机理分析表明：水可以促进HMDS水解。又可以补充纳米SiO2的表面羟基;乙醇一方面与纳米SiO2发生酯化反应,另一部分作为分散HMDS的溶剂。     

浙江武义萤石矿田金(银)-萤石矿控矿构造型式

浙江武义萤石矿田中金（银）－萤石矿床,是中国首次发现并厘定的元素地球化学性质迥异,但物源、力源又相同,受同构造控制,形成于同一成矿期不同成矿阶段的金（银）－萤石矿床新类型。矿床严格受控于盆地构造格局的时空演化规律和帚状控矿构造型式,对中国东部中生代火山岩带萤石矿田（床）中金（银）矿的寻找具有极为重要的实践和理论价值。     

Au/TiO2的制备方法对其SPR的影响

纳米金粒子沉积在TiO₂表面制得具有表面等离子体共振效应(SPR)的Au/TiO₂,是目前提高TiO₂光催化剂对太阳能的利用率和量子效率的重要途径之一,本文以氯金酸(HAuCl₄·3H₂O)和P25型纳米TiO₂为原料,采用紫外可见分光光度计探讨了温度对化学还原制备金溶胶的SPR的影响; 并以紫外漫反射进行表征.比较了化学还原热沉积法、化学还原光沉积法和光还原沉积法制得Au/TiO₂的SPR差异,结果表明,光还原沉积法是一种高效、经济且环境友好型制备较强SPR的Au/TiO₂的方法.