用中子活化法与模糊聚类分析对古陶瓷产地和真伪进行辨别的研究

本文利用中子活化法对一些不同产地的古瓷样品进行了20多种微量元素含量测定,并用模糊聚类分析方法对测定数据进行了处理。探讨了一个对古瓷样品进行产地判定和真伪辨别的方法。     

霜冻图案与遥感考古研究

研究了历史遗迹的遥感分析方法及其理论依据,发现遥感图像上的霜冻图案经过增强后,可做为历史遗迹的稳定判读标志;用此法确定了唐长安城的位置和规模.同时指出,霜冻图案并非透视信息,而是地表差异在特定时相和波段的遥感图像上被增强了的结果.     

自然灾害地理及其在西藏的研讨

本文根据地理学发展的状况和一些学科对灾害研究动态,提出加强灾害地理学研究的课题,并对其目的任务,对象以及所采用的理论、技术手段作了研究探讨。同时,结合西藏灾害状况,探讨西藏灾害地理研究内容和方法,并说明了进行灾害地理研究的必要性。     

Function of Rural Settlement Complex Ecosystem in Mountain Area：A Case Study of Raosi Village of Zuogong County, Tibet

0IntroductionSettlement refers to the spatial unit of as-sembled human inhabitation,and it is ahuman-activity-dominated complex ecosystemlinking society,economy,and nature[1].Ruralsettlement complex ecosystemrefers to the as-sembled humaninhabitationinthe countryside.The term denotes not only courtyard ecosys-tem,agriculture ecosystem,non-agriculture eco-system,but also the social systemcomposed ofhuman and human activities in the settlementand natural ecosystem-forest,grassland,andwater ecosy…     

Concentrations of “elemental carbon” in samples from the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian and the possibility of their application in the development of evidence for the use of fire by humans

Elemental carbon?EC) is a C-rich, O-H-S-N-depleted substance that is necessarily produced in the process of combustion. Due to the logn-term use of fire by cave-inhabiting ape-men, considerable amounts of 揺lemen-tal carbon?would be necessarily left behind in the corre-sponding strata inside the cave. The sepaation of EC was effected by the chemical method and the contents of carbon were determined on an element analyser and a self-made measuring system. The concentration of Ec in the hearth,the exhibited ash samples collected from near the hearth un-earthed in the 1930s, and the three samples of accumulated material collected from the tenth bed are 43.74%, 1.77%,3.88%,1.87% and 1.11%,respectively; those of the equivalent samples from the tenth bed outside the cave and samples from the fourth and seventh beds are at least one order of magnitude lower than the former抯. The above re-sults show that the sampling location of the tenth bed may be close to the hearth. Sampling over a wider range may lead to the finding of a location where the concentrations of EC are corresponding to the maximum values of EC in the hearth. The determination and study of EC may provide new evi-dence for the use of fire by Peking Man.     

Fast dating of Yongzheng copper coins in tsing empire by SEM-EDS

Twenty Yongzheng copper coins were fast dat-ing by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer with scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) according to official ingredient. The 20 coins were classified in two groups according to the results. Group 1 represents the coins minted before AD 1 728 and group 2 represents the coins minted after AD 1 728. At concentration range (0.00%-5.13%), the distribution of lead is not homogeneous in the coins, and the largest diameter of lead inclusion is less than 15 μm. The official fineness degrade is supported.     

关于西藏旅游资源开发与规划的几点思考

随着西部大开发号角的吹响和我区“十五”计划的实施,旅游业正在展示其旺盛的生命力,其已成为我区第三产业的龙头产业和新的经济增长点。然而旅游业的发展依托于旅游资源的开发与规划,由于我区所处的特殊地理环境,决定了旅游资源也具有独特性,为了保护旅游资源,避免破坏性开发,保持旅游业可持续发展,就应该认真分析研究我区旅游资源分布及其特征,提出合理可行的开发模式。     

西藏米拉山区种子植物区系研究

西藏米拉山区有种子植物71科304属728种,其中裸子植物有3科7属12种。该区植物地理成分复杂,特有现象明显,从科、属和种的分布类型统计分析,均表现为温带成分最多,分别占本层次的比例为43．66％,84．62％和58．72％,反映出典型的温带区系特征和区系的年轻性。依据种的丰富程度和一些自然地理条件的特征将米拉山区系划分为2个植物区系小区：米拉山东坡小区、米拉山西坡小区。与此相毗邻的色季拉山和墨脱比较,米拉山区系与色季拉山的区系性质更为相似。     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

西藏农村水环境恶化成因及治理对策

随着西藏经济建设的深入推进,西藏农村也得到了前所未有的发展,然而经济建设是把双刃剑,经济发展的同时伴随的是对生态的破坏。据调查研究和数据表明,西藏的农村水环境已开始慢慢变坏且有恶化的趋势,西藏的农村水环境污染防治正日益受到有关部门的关注。针对西藏农村社会经济发展水平相对较低,公共基础设施建设相对落后,农民收入相对较低,国家尚无法投入大量资金用于农村环保工作的现实情况,认清西藏农村水环境污染的成因,并采取当地实际的治理措施,对于维护当地居民身体健康和环境质量要求以及资源循环利用要求,维护国家生态源头的安全具有重要意义。