沁河流域地表水与地下水转换的模拟

黄河中游的沁河流域中下游水文地质情况复杂,地表水地下水转换频繁。为研究该流域水资源形成转换规律,建立了一个基于相似水文响应单元的物理性分布式水文模型,模拟了人类活动用水影响下的水文过程,用简化的渗流模型模拟成层岩溶地区地下水运动。经参数率定和1986—1998年长系列模拟,结果显示:沁河流域水资源量主要受降水影响,地表水与地下水转换量占地下水资源量80%以上。超采地下水导致地下水位下降,引起地表径流量显著减少。成层岩溶影响到多个水文过程,地表水与地下水转换随着岩溶发育而动态变化。     

磁性壳聚糖微球的表征及其磁响应性

以戊二醛为交联剂、Fe3O4为磁核,采用反相悬浮交联技术合成了磁性壳聚糖微球,并利用数码光学显微成像仪、激光粒度仪、傅立叶红外光谱对磁性微球的形态、大小和化学结构进行了表征,采用原子吸收分光光度仪、磁天平和可调磁场对其磁响应性进行了研究.结果表明:所合成的磁性壳聚糖微球粒径在50~200μm之间,基本呈圆球形,表面比较光滑,且内部均匀分布着磁性介质Fe3O4;当磁性微球粒径小于280μm时,在外加磁场作用下,微球的磁化率与沉降速度都随着微球粒径的增大而增大.这表明所制备的磁性壳聚糖微球具有良好的磁响应性.     

城市生态安全评价指标体系与结构功能分析

城市生态安全评价指标体系结构功能分析是建立科学、和谐的评价指标体系的基础，可为我国建立生态城市理论研究和实践提供依据．在“环境指标P-S-R概念模型”基础上进行补充，在响应部分细分为观念意识响应和行动措施响应，构建4个层次的城市生态安全评价指标体系．第1层次是目标层。即生态安全评价综合指数；第2层次是项目层，由生态安全意识、生态安全政策、生态安全防控体系、社会状态、资源状态组成；第3层次是评价因素层；第4层次是指标层．建立评价指标体系以科学性、引领性、和谐性作为原则，采用AHP法，结合专家咨询，通过定性与定量控制确定项目层、因素层、指标层各指标的权重．以“意识-存在”互作为切入点，强调基于“观念”、“意识”，结合城市基础设施和生态环境进行城市生态安全评价，并对指标体系的结构和功能进行了分析，     

窄带滤光片精确波长激光器高频调制特性研究

采用窄带滤光片作为选频元件对精确波长激光器高频调制特性进行了小信号分析.优化设计了外腔长度,兼顾了激光器的阈值特性和工作稳定性;给出了适用于外腔情况的光子寿命表达式;讨论了外腔反射率、管芯与外腔耦合效率以及外腔长度对光子寿命的影响.数值分析结果表明该类型激光器的调制响应特性主要取决于等效光子寿命,受偏置电流影响不大.当外腔反射率为72%,管芯与外腔耦合效率为80%,等效外腔长度为9.7 mm时,光子寿命为100 ps,激光器的调制带宽约为2 GHz,适合于以太网无源光网络中波分多址技术应用的需要.     

pH响应性聚乙二醇-co-聚丙烯酸交联微球的合成

在N,N′-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺(Bis)存在的条件下,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,使苯乙烯单封端聚乙二醇(St-PEG)大分子单体与丙烯酸(AAc)在3-戊酮溶液中进行分散共聚反应,得到了聚乙二醇-co-聚丙烯酸(PEG-co-PAAc)交联微球.动态激光光散射测试结果表明,所得的交联微球具有良好的单分散性;同时发现,在共聚反应中St-PEG大分子单体、AAc和Bis溶液浓度对交联微球粒径有明显的影响;交联微球的Rh在pH为4.5附近突然增加,并在pH>7.0后保持不变,说明该PEG-co-PAAc交联微球具有明显的pH响应性.     

Analyzing Nonstationary Random Response of a SDOF System under the Evolutionary Random Excitation by Wavelet Transform

For evolutionary random excitations, a general method of analyzing nonstationary random responses of systems was presented in this paper. Firstly, for the evolutionary random excitation model, the evolutionary power spectrum density function （EPSD） of a random excitation was given by wavelet transform. Based on the EPSD, the nonstationary responses of a SDOF system subjected to evolutionary random excitations were studied. The application and validity of presented method were illustrated by numerical examples. In numerical examples, the recently developed stochastic models for El Centro （1934） and Mexico City （1985） earthquakes which preserve the nonstationary evolutions of amplitude and frequency content of ground accelerations were used as excitations. The nonstationary random mean-square responses of a SDOF system under these two excitations were evaluated and compared with simulated results.     

EMC中屏蔽技术的机理和分类

本文结合电磁兼容和屏蔽技术的基础知识，阐述了EMC中屏蔽技术的机理和分类。对工程应用具有很大的实用价值和指导意义。     

智能型水凝胶改性研究进展

智能型水凝胶是一类具有广泛应用前景的功能高分子材料,但由于传统水凝胶存在一些缺点因而限制了其应用,因此近年来围绕提高传统水凝胶的性能做了大量研究工作.该文从4个主要方面综述了近年来智能型水凝胶改性的研究进展.     

Synthesis and photocurrent response of porphyrin-containing conjugated polymers

In recent years conjugated polymers have attracted considerable attention because of their potential appli- cations in the fields of light emitting diodes, photo- voltaic devices, and sensors[1―7]. In the fabrication of semiconductor photovoltaic devices…     

Climate change and hydrologic process response in the Tarim River Basin over the past 50 years

Climate change and hydrologic process response in the Tarim River Basin over the past 50 years are the focus of more and more researchers＇ attention. In this paper, both temperature and precipitation time series were found to present a monotonic increasing trend using nonparametric tests. Noticeably, a significant step change in both temperature and precipitation time series occurred in 1986. By contrasting the trends of natural water process in headstream and mainstream, we found that it was anthropogenic activities not climate change that caused the river dried up and vegetation degenerated in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The results of gray correlation analysis show that the runoff of higher latitude distributing river is more closely associated with winter snow stocking, while that of lower latitude is more closely related to summer temperature. Runoff in the headstream is more sensitive to precipitation, while that in the mainstream is more sensitive to evaporation. The strong evaporation caused by increasing temperature weakened runoff to some extent in spite of the fact that precipitation increased over the past 50 years.