Internal tide characteristics over northern South China Sea continental slope

21-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data from an anchored observational station by R/V Shiyan 3 are used to investigate the characteristics of intemal tide in the northern South China Sea continental slope. The results show that tide and internal tide are both mixed type in the observed region and dominated by diurnals; the maximum internal tidal major axes of K1, O1 were largest and reached 11 cm/s, 10 cm/s, respectively, and their current vectors rotate anticlockwise. The 300 m-deep internal tide presents obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and its average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, internal tide carried high energy; in the upper layers above 140 m, the kinetic energy of intemal tides accounts for 15%--37% of overall kinetic energy, most of internal tide energy concentrates around the thermocline.     

分潮波模型多资料数值计算方法研究：II.有限差分最小二乘方法

对含多资料的分潮波模型的超定问题进行探讨，建立一种有限差分－最小二乘方法，该方法使得岸边资料直接进入了计算方程，并保证岸界法向流速为零条件。通过对渤海的四大分潮的试算，证实本方法可行。     

On the measurement for the speed of gravity

Newton’s law of gravity is a theory of instantaneous action at a distance.However,Einstein’s general relativity states that the speed of gravity equals the speed of light,which is finite.Therefore,it is a worthy problem to discuss if Newton’s law of gravity needs modification,when studying and observing the gravitational tidal.In this paper,it is shown that the Newton’s law of gravity is fully applicable in the framework of general relativity.Based on the post-Newtonian approximation,we find that the observable effect for the speed of gravity is irrelevant to the velocity of a moving source,but it is dependent on its acceleration.In general,the effect of the speed of gravity is so weak that today’s any astronomical observations,including the sun tidal observations,can not confirm that the gravitational field travels at the speed of light.     

伶仃洋西槽洪季水沙纵向输移机制研究

根据2003年实测数据,运用物质纵向输移模式计算了丰水大潮期伶仃洋西槽的水量和泥沙纵向输移量,研究了伶仃洋西槽洪季水沙纵向输移机制及水量输移特征,并针对泥沙输移特征,用底层流速和含沙量的相位变化以及表底层盐度的变化对悬沙输移机制进行了分析.结果表明:伶仃洋西槽垂向环流发育,泥沙输移特征明显;径流、潮流变形以及盐淡水异重流是形成西槽水量输移的主要原因;潮流不对称性和底层泥沙再悬浮对潮汐捕集输沙的贡献明显,盐淡水混合和纵向水体梯度对垂向净环流输沙的贡献明显.     

Study on characteristics of long-term gravity changes at Wuhan station

We consider the characteristics of long-term changes in non-tidal gravity and their implication to the local perturbations in barometric pressure and water storage and to the local vertical crustal movement using the long-term continuous gravity observations from a superconducting gravimeter （SG） at Wuhan station, together with the co-site measurements from a Global Positioning System （GPS） receiver and an absolute gravimeter FG5. The observation results indicate that there are obvious seasonal variations in the long-term gravity changes measured with the SG. About 70 percent of the whole seasonal changes come from the contribution of the local disturbances in air pressure and water storage, while over 95 percent of the annual changes are attributed to the loading effects of these environmental perturbations. Due to the absence of direct measurements of the local water storage, especially those of the underground water, the global assimilating models of land water LaD （Land Dynamics） and GLDAS （Global Land Data Assimilation System） cannot virtually describe the real hydrologic disturbances around the station. The resulting gravity changes, which are simulated theoretically by means of convolution integration of the loading Green＇s functions and water models LaD and GLDAS, show significantly time delay of about 55 days from those measured with the SG. Compared with the measurements of the absolute gravity with the FG5, the long-term drift rate of the SG is determined as about 17.13 nms^-2/a. From the co-site GPS measurements, it is found that the local crust is slowly subsiding at a rate of 3.71±0.16 mm/a, and the related gravity variation is estimated as 13.88±0.22 nms^-2/a. In other words, the ratio of the changes in gravity and altitude related to the local vertical crustal movement is about -37.41 nms^-2/cm. It implies that a considerable mass adjustment may be associated with the local vertical crustal movement, and its dynamic mechanism should be investigated further.     

黄渤海风、浪、流等海洋水文要素特征分析

随着我国海洋建设的快速发展,深入了解海洋水文环境特征,为海洋工程等提供保障已迫在眉睫。本文根据日常保障经验,结合相关理论,利用QN（QuikSCAT/NCEP）混合风场、模拟海浪数据等资料,对黄渤海海域的海洋水文特征进行分析,主要分析了该海域的海表风场、海浪场、潮汐潮流、海雾、盐度、SST（海表温度——Sea Surface Temperature）的特征,可为防灾减灾、航海、海洋水文保障、海洋工程、海洋能资源开发利用提供科学依据。     

接驳轨道交通的共享单车潮汐均衡时空分布模式

随着城市的高速发展,通勤高峰时期,地铁站区域“无车可租,无地可还”的情况严重影响了通勤效率,研究接驳轨道交通的共享单车的潮汐均衡特征,为单车调度提供科学的决策依据,具有重要意义。本文以深圳市为研究区,使用工作日早高峰的接驳骑行订单数据,考虑地铁站和出入口两层面的潮汐均衡性分类,从单车调度角度将出入口划分为无需调度型、站内调度型和站外调度型,使用非负矩阵分解方法划分出入口流量时空分布类别,确定调度时间。结果表明,将接驳轨道交通的潮汐均衡分析聚焦到出入口层面,精确划分出入口调度类型,确定调度方式和产生调度需求的时间,可为单车管理者进行车辆调度提供可靠的数据支持。     

考虑潮汐的多港池港口船舶调度优化

针对多港池港口船舶调度优化问题,重点考虑大型船舶乘潮进出港口的影响,兼顾单向航道下进出港船舶间需保持安全航行距离、进出港时段交替条件及连续泊位靠泊限制等现实约束,以所有船舶总等待时间最小为目标,构建了混合整数线性规划模型.基于船舶调度问题的特点,提出了启发式规则,将原问题分解为五个子问题进而获得初始解,并设计了改进和声搜索算法求解.在数值实验中,将该算法的求解结果同下界对比,平均相对偏差为2.19%,且求解耗时均少于1分钟,验证了算法的有效性;将方案的求解结果同两种现行调度规则对比,不同算例规模下平均目标值优化率分别为13.30%和27.35%,可显著提高港口船舶服务效率,验证了方案的有效性.     

用培根＂解码＂波塞冬——记中国科学院海洋研究所研究员徐永生

在希腊神话里,海神波塞冬掌管着海洋的一切运动,涨落的潮汐、来回的洋流、奔腾的浪花皆由他控制。深邃浩瀚的海洋瞬息万变,神秘莫测,潜藏着无穷的未知。海洋覆盖着地球百分之七十一的面积,