新型生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

综述了传统絮凝剂在水处理中存在的缺陷以及微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的优越性,提出了絮凝剂的新发展方向是开发微生物絮凝剂.阐述了发展微生物絮凝剂的重要性及种类、结构特性、原理等问题并指出了发展趋势.     

The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe

Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate …     

Seasonal variation of snow microbial community structure in the East Rongbuk glacier, Mt. Everest

Mt. Everest, the zenith of the world, plays an impor- tant role in the global climate change. During the lastdecade, some studies on glacier and snow have been undertaken in this region. The climate and environment changes in the past hundred years have b…     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

压电生物传感器的研究进展

压电生物传感器是一种将高灵敏的压电传感器与特异的生物反应结合在一起的新型生物分析方法,这一方法不需要任何标记,且仪器构造简单、操作方便,引起人们的兴趣,并已成为当前生物传感器领域中的一个研究热点。本文就压电生物传感器在气体、微生物、病毒、蛋白质及基因检测等方面的研究应用作一评述。     

紫苏乙醇提取物抗氧化活性研究

以乙醇为溶剂,从紫苏中提取有效成分,采用微生物活性纸片法和烘箱法对紫苏乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,紫苏乙醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化性,且对油脂食品具有较好的保护作用。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

概述了微生物絮凝剂的研究现状，介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理。影响絮凝剂絮凝能力的因素及其在水处理中的应用．     

土壤微生物多样性与植物多样性

土壤中生活着丰富的微生物类群,是一个重要的地下生物宝库.土壤微生物是土壤中的主要分解者,对环境起着天然的“过滤”和“净化”作用,在自然生态系统的功能发挥和维持能力方面极其重要.植物、土壤和微生物相互作用,构成了一个植物-土壤-微生物的有机整体.土壤微生物多样性代表着微生物群落的稳定性,指生命体在遗传、种类和生态系统层次上的变化.从遗传、分类、生态功能以及系统发育等多方面阐述了当前土壤微生物多样性的研究工作.同时探讨了植物多样性与土壤微生物多样性之间的内在联系,植被的破坏可直接导致土壤微生物多样性的丧失,而土壤微生物对植物物种多样性的维持又具有重要作用.因此,加强土壤微生物多样性研究对植物多样性保护具有重要意义.     

γ射线及其应用

γ（伽玛）射线的应用，是原子能和平利用的一个组成部分。1895年伦琴发现X射线，次年即发现X射线对微生物有杀灭作用，于是人们很快就利用射线来杀死食品中的病原微生物和昆虫，进行食品加工储藏的研究。γ射线和X射线本质上是空间运动着的光子，与光和电磁波完全一样，都是电磁辐射。从1943年美国麻省理工学院首先用射线对汉堡包辐照处理的研究开始，经过几十年的研究发展，在理论和实践上逐渐趋于成熟，形成了一门新兴产业——辐照加工业。它的应用已经渗透到国民经济和社会生活的各个领域， 特别是在工农业、医疗卫生和生物学方面取得了巨大的成果和效益。     

原油生物破乳剂的研究与应用

研制了一种原油生物破乳剂，并对其进行了室内与现场中试试验，考察了其对油田采出液的破乳及脱水效果。室内及现场试验结果表明，与标样及目前现场常用的化学破乳剂相比，原油生物破乳剂具有优良的破乳及脱水性能。破乳后的油水界面清晰，脱出水中含油量低。对原油生物破乳剂的破乳机理分析结果表明，破乳作用的主要因素是微生物胞体。