大洋底部资源:人类未来的重要资源接替区

位于国家管辖海域以外的国际海底区域面积约2.51 7亿平方公里,占地球表面积的49%,是地球上尚未被人类充分认识和开发利用的潜在战略资源基地.这一广阔区域内蕴藏着丰富的金属、能源和生物资源,是人类共同继承的财产,是21世纪重要的陆地可接替资源.     

用卫星导航仪等分距离设计大洋航线的探讨

论述用卫星导航仪等分距离设计大洋航线的方法，并用ＪＬＥ３８５０卫星导航仪设计了从美国纽波特纽斯到好望角航线，为１３．５万载货吨位船舶导航，取得了较好的效果，该方法简单、方便、实用且精度高。     

大洋缺氧事件的碳稳定同位素响应

从碳稳定同位素组成及其分馏机理出发 ,系统探讨了大洋缺氧事件与海相碳酸盐和有机碳稳定同位素分馏之间的关系。缺氧事件期间 ,由于生物大批死亡和快速埋藏 ,其分解消耗海水中大量的溶解氧 ,引起大洋水体缺氧 ,富含 1 2 C的有机质从而得以大量保存 ;相应地大气和海水中富 1 3 C,同期海相碳酸盐岩碳同位素 δ值 (δ1 3C)正偏。在世界各地缺氧事件层内 ,无一例外地碳酸盐岩碳稳定同位素出现了不同程度的正偏 ,Cenomanian- Turonian 界线偏幅达～2‰。海相碳酸盐与有机质碳稳定同位素变化不仅可以提供地质历史中有机碳埋藏量的记录。研究全球碳循环变化 ,还可能追溯有机碳风化和埋藏速率的变化 ,定性地恢复大气 p CO2 变化。     

海洋垂直混合系数对大洋环流影响的敏感性研究

利用美国地球流体实验室的Modular Ocean Model（MOM4）模式构建了一组全球实际大洋环流实验,以检验海洋环流形势及温度结构对海洋垂直混合系数的敏感性,并仔细分析了各实验中温度方程中各项的变化,讨论了垂直混合系数改变对海洋环流形势影响的物理机制。实验结果表明,海洋垂直混合系数对海温的空间分布和海洋流场结构都有很大影响,这种影响在赤道温跃层附近表现得最为明显。这说明大洋环流对垂直混合强度的变化是相当敏感的。一般来说,在混合系数取值大的实验中大洋中上层温度的垂直和水平梯度都较小,相应的南北赤道流强度较强,赤道潜流和南北赤道逆流强度较弱,在混合系数取值小的实验中大洋中上层的温度梯度较大,此时南北赤道流强度较弱,赤道潜流和南北赤道逆流强度较强,赤道流系的各分支在范围上也有相应变化。     

探测地球的“裂口”

那一天,＂西亚纳＂号首次下潜,并且慢慢接近大西洋中脊顶部,再慢慢地向深处潜入。一位地质学家兴奋地喊道：＂快看,地球的伤痕!＂但见炽热的液体岩浆从裂缝中涌出……大洋是怎样形成的？这是长期以来困扰着科学界的一个难题。但是,经过各国科学家几代人的不断探索,终于得出令人信服的科学结论,从而使板块学说更趋完善。     

Analysis of Yellow Sea circulation

Some features of the circulation in the YellowSea (hereafter referred to as YS) in the cold season (mid-November through mid-April) are analyzed emphatically by using the observations of several large-scale surveys in recent years together with historical data. Compared with the previous studies, a wealth of observed data have firstly been used in this study to further discuss the origin and path of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC). The analyses show that the YSWC is not a direct branch of the Tsushima Warm Current (TSWC), but derives from the mixed water region formed by TSWC water and the continental shelf water of the East China Sea (ECS). The path of the YSWC has certain seasonal and interannual variations. Then, the basic features of the Cheju Warm Current (CWC) discovered in recent years and its relation to the YSWC are expounded.The studies indicate that the CWC and the YSWC come basically from the same origin, and the main path of CWC is located roughly in water depths of greater than 80 m northwest of Chejudo. At last, the distribution features of the Korea Coastal Current (KCC) are delineated according to the new observations. The results show that the KCC moves toward south along the 40-50 m isobaths west of the Korean Peninsula, and its velocity increases from north to south.     

“数字海洋”风云突起

在“数字海洋”模拟屏前，如果你触摸茫茫大洋深处的某一点，那里当前时刻的水温、流速、生物、地质等基本信息，便能迅速显示出来。这并非遥远幻想，而是即将对大海进行的一次“现场直播”。作为此次“直播”的主导者，“数字海洋”上海示范区已经开始启动。[编者按]     

Characteristics of seismostratigraphy and analysis of structurallithofacies in the southern Yellow Sea Cenozoic basin

In this paper,the upper structural layer of the southern Yellow Sea Basin (SYSB) is further divided into three layers based on the latest obtained high-resolution single-channel seismic profiles.Combined with the borehole data,the characteristics and evolvement of structure and environment since middle-late Tertiary are discussed.The study shows that the acoustic-base indicated by shallow seismic profiles represents the basic shape of the SYSB in late Oligocene-early Miocene.Based on the comprehensive analysis of some typical profiles crossing the basin about seismostratigraphy,gravity and magnetics,the basin about seismostratigraphy,gravity and magnetics,the basin edge fault and some basin inner structure are identified.Furthermore,the acoustic-base is classified into four types of basal lithofacies:Eogene basin basement,Paleozoic basement,Mesozoic basement and magma intrusion basement.     

南海沧桑问岩心

南海,因其具有的诸多科学特性,是当前国际地球科学领域的研究热点区域。南海有多大年纪了?沧海桑田的构造变化,对南海有着什么样的影响?2014年1~3月,IODP349航次在南海各点位钻探,船上的科学家们将一根根钻管连接起来,再打入4000米水深的南海海底。他们期待着,由此获得的岩心,能够给上述问题提供最新和最确切的答案。     

祁连古大洋地幔流体化学组成

为确定祁连古大洋地幔流体组成,采用分步加热质谱法测定了祁连造山带玉石沟蛇绿岩底部方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩中的流体化学组成．结果表明：地幔橄榄岩中不同赋存形式的流体组分在200-400,400-800,800-1200℃释放形成3个释气峰,主要释气峰温度（400-800℃）与中国东部地幔橄榄岩捕虏体相比较低．流体组成以CO2为主（平均303．87mm^3STP／g）,流体总量和S02质量浓度（平均分别为428．84,16．55mm^3／g）高．纯橄榄岩与方辉橄榄岩不同的流体组成揭示二者形成环境不同．根据岩石成因、流体赋存位置和释出温度范围区分出4类化学组成和来源不同的古大洋地幔流体：祁连古大洋软流圈地幔流体：以纯橄榄岩橄榄石800-1200℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2,H2和CO等组分为主;古大洋岩石圈地幔初始流体：以方辉橄榄岩800-1200℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2和SO2为主;地幔交代流体：以400-800℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2为主,其次为SO2和H2;后期蚀变流体：以200-400℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2为主,次要组分为N2和H2．