高斯-贝塞耳光束在湍流大气中的传输特性

根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,推导高斯-贝塞耳光束在湍流大气中传输时光强分布变化规律的理论公式.研究高斯-贝塞耳光束在湍流大气中的传输特性,讨论湍流扰动强弱及拓扑荷数大小对其传输特性的影响.研究结果表明,湍流扰动强弱及拓扑荷数的大小都会影响光束的传输特性.当拓扑荷数相同时,湍流扰动越强,则光强分布变化越快;当湍流扰动相同时,光强分布变化速度随拓扑荷数的增大而减小.     

基于遥感技术的测风雷达

研究风廓线雷达的探测威力和我国对流层大气湍流常数(C2n)随季节的变化规律.结合目前对流层风廓线雷达的研制经验以及我国北方地区的试验数据进行分析与探讨,介绍了风廓线雷达的组成原理,推导了风廓线雷达方程和最大探测距离估算公式.各地区C2n的变化是造成目前风廓线雷达探测距离估算误差的主要原因,试验数据表明,我国北方地区对流层-C2n(均值)随季节的起伏小于边界层-C2n随季节的起伏幅度.此外,信号处理损耗也是风廓线雷达威力估算时一个不可忽视的因素.     

Magnetic response to atmospheric heavy metal pollution recorded by dust-loaded leaves in Shougang industrial area,western Beijing

Fifty-five evergreen tree＇s leaves growing less than one year were collected from Shougang industrial area in western suburb of Beijing, including steel plants and its ambient residential areas, recreational parks and farmlands. Rock magnetic properties and heavy metal contents were studied. The results show that the magnetic properties of leaf samples are predominated by Iow-coercivity magnetite, and both the concentration and grain size of magnetite particles gradually decreased with the distance from the main pollution source increases. Moreover, there is a significant linear relationship between magnetic parameters （the low-field magnetic susceptibility, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and anhysteretic remanent magnetization） and heavy metals contents （Fe, Pb, V, Cr and Zn） （0.73≤ R≤ 0.88）. Hence, the magnetic parameters of leaves can serve as a proxy for quick detecting of the recent atmospheric metallic pollution.     

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of acetone: Adsorption and desorption kinetics and mechanisms on SiO2 particles

Acetone plays an important role in photooxidation processes in the atmosphere. Up to date, little is known regarding the heterogeneous fate of acetone. In this study, the adsorption and desorption processes of acetone on SiO2 particles, which are the major constituent of mineral dust in the atmos-phere, have been investigated for the first time under the simulated atmospheric conditions, using in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that acetone molecules are adsorbed on the surfaces of SiO2 particles by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding forces in a nonreactive and reversible state. The rates of initial adsorption and initial desorption, initial uptake coefficients and adsorption concentrations at equilibrium have been determined at different relative humidity. The presence of water vapor cannot result in the formation of new substances, but can decrease the adsorption ability by consuming or overlapping the isolated OH groups on the surfaces of SiO2 particles. In the desorption process, a considerable amount of acetone molecules will remain on SiO2 particles in dry air, whereas acetone molecules are almost completely desorbed at a high relative humidity. In order to evaluate the role of heterogeneous reactions of acetone and other carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, a new model fitting the atmospheric conditions is needed.     

规划环评中大气环境容量核算及总量控制研究

研究了在规划环评中采用A-P值法、多源模型法,结合区域气象分析、大气污染源调查,计算区域环境容量并确定不同污染源的污染物的排放限值的方法.以<鄂尔多斯市杭锦能源化工基地规划环评>为案例,根据计算得到基地二氧化硫的环境容量,分析基地规划的可行性,确定拟建项目的污染物允许排放总量.     

长江三角洲地区地面GPS探测大气的研究进展

简述利用GPS探测数据反演得到大气可降水量(PWV)的月平均分布情况,单站PWV时序图与1小时降水量的对应关系。GPS/PWV月平均分布具有一定的季节变化特征,PWV的变化与降水过程有很好的对应关系,利用GPS/PWV可以很好的为大暴雨、台风、梅雨期等的监测和预报服务。     

基于模式分集的大气湍流补偿技术研究

针对空间光通信系统中大气湍流对系统性能影响较大的问题,提出了基于模式分集结合最大比合并 ( MRC: Maximum Ratio Combining) 算法的大气湍流补偿方案,采用不同模式作为独立信道进行空间分集接收, 利用最大比合并算法实现多模式信道的分集合并。其中在最大比合并算法实现方面,把不同支路的信噪比测 量问题转化为数字域的信噪比权重系数计算问题,简化了硬件实现难度。应用VPItransmissionMaker 仿真平台 并结合Matlab 编程,搭建仿真系统,验证了该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地补偿大气湍流对 空间光通信系统性能的影响,而且对强湍流的补偿效果略好于弱湍流,模式分集数量越多,补偿效果越好。     

高层大气旋转速度分析

根据King—Hele的原理,从GFZ等卫星的轨道高度的衰减以及倾角的长期变化,分析计算从地面高度180～360km的大气旋转速度的变化规律．计算结果显示大气旋转速度从360km处的1．2rev／d下降到180km的0．9rev／d．     

我国城市大气污染现状及防治对策

中国城市化和工业化的快速发展与能源消耗的迅速增加,给中国城市带来了很多空气污染问题。自20世纪70年代以来,中国政府加强了对环保工作的力度,颁布并采取了一些大气污染政策和措施,收到一定的效果,但从总体来看,环境污染和破坏还没有完全被控制。本文分析了当前我国城市大气污染的状况、特点并结合中国的国情探讨了综合防治问题。     

移动型大气激光通信(网)的研究与实现

本文主要在理论上对大气信道和DMI(差分模式反转)调制方式进行了研究,应用可编程逻辑器件(PLD)实现了纠错编解码和PPM、DMIE两种速率的调制、解调,设计与实现光通信机及网络接口;研究并设计了一个基于GPS定位的光天线探测与伺服平台,并以2Mbit/s速率传输数字数据与话音的激光通信机及光无线局域网系统,主体部分已实现形成装备.