Pulsar/CNS integrated navigation based on federated UKF

In order to improve the autonomous navigation capability of satellite, a pulsar/CNS (celestial navigation system) integrated navigation method based on federated unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed. The celestial navigation is a mature and stable navigation method. However, its position determination performance is not satisfied due to the low accuracy of horizon sensor. Single pulsar navigation is a new navigation method, which can provide highly accurate range measurements. The major drawback of single pulsar navigation is that the system is completely unobservable. As two methods are complementary to each other, the federated UKF is used here for fusing the navigation data from single pulsar navigation and CNS. Compared to the traditional celestial navigation method and single pulsar navigation, the integrated navigation method can provide better navigation performance. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the navigation method.     

Fast motion estimation algorithm for H.264/AVC based on centered prediction

H.264/AVC video coding standard can achieve roughly half of the bit-savings over MPEG2 and MPEG4 for a given quality. However, this comes at a cost in considerably increased complexity at the encoder and thus increases the difficulty in hardware implementation. The high redundancy that exists between the successive frames of a video sequence makes it possible to achieve a high data compression ratio. Motion estimation (ME) plays an important role in motion compensated video coding. A fast motion estimation algorithm for H.264/AVC is proposed based on centered prediction, called centered prediction based fast mixed search algorithm (CPFMS). It makes use of the spatial and temporal correlation in motion vector (MV) fields and feature of all-zero blocks to accelerate the searching process. With the initialized searching point prediction, adaptive search window changing and searching direction decision, CPFMS is provided to reduce computation in block-matching process. The experimental results show that the speed of CPFMS is nearly 12 times of FS with a negligible peak signal-noise ratio (PSNR) loss. Also, the efficiency of CPFMS outperforms some popular fast algorithms such as hybrid unsymmetrical cross multi-hexagongrid search and a novel multidirectional gradient descent search evidently.     

基于快速鲁棒性特征的景象匹配

针对光电成像制导景象匹配中图像产生较大几何形变的问题,提出了一种基于快速鲁棒性特征(speeded up robust feature, SURF)的景象匹配算法。SURF提取的图像特征具有尺度和旋转不变性,对灰度不敏感,并能快速运算。算法首先利用仿射变换对基准图像进行3D视角补偿,模拟基准图像在不同视角下的成像,以减小基准图像和实时图像间的视角差异,分别提取两图像的SURF特征,然后根据最小欧氏距离准则提取两图像间匹配的SURF特征点对,根据该特征点对估计基础矩阵,得到两图像的投影关系。仿真结果表明,该算法能够适应光电成像制导中图像的几何形变,实现稳定的景象匹配。     

Knowledge-based bridge detection from SAR images

Automatic bridge detection is an important application of SAR images. Differed from the classical CFAR method, a new knowledge-based bridge detection approach is proposed. The method not only uses the backscattering intensity difference between targets and background but also applies the contextual information and spatial relationship between objects. According to bridges’ special characteristics and scattering properties in SAR images, the new knowledge-based method includes three processes: river segmentation, potential bridge areas detection and bridge discrimination. The application to AIRSAR data shows that the new method is not sensitive to rivers’ shape. Moreover, this method can detect bridges successfully when river segmentation is not very exact and is more robust than the radius projection method.     

Online blind source separation based on joint diagonalization

A now algorithm is proposed for joint diagonalization. With a modified objective function, the now algorithm not only excludes trivial and unbalanced solutions successfully, but is also easily optimized. In addition, with the new objective function, the proposed algorithm can work well in online blind source separation (BSS) for the first time, although this family of algorithms is always thought to be valid only in batch-mode BSS by far. Simulations show that it is a very competitive joint diagonalization algorithm.     

系统科学视野中的生态文明

本文从系统科学的视角,对生态文明的科学基础、哲学基础和建设途径进行了探讨,提出系统科学是生态文明的科学基础,辩证整体论是生态文明的哲学基础,生态文化是建设生态文明的基本途径。     

论基础概率谬误及其研究范式

基础概率谬误的提出打破了以贝叶斯定理为基础的规范性研究方案在决策理论研究领域中的主导地位,在决策理论的发展史上具有重要的历史地位。在过去的40余年里,人们对这个问题的研究成为了决策理论研究领域里的一大主流。人们的研究范式总的来说有三种:经验性研究(或实验性研究)、规范性研究,以及方法论研究。但是,人们关于基础概率谬误这个问题本身还存在一些争论,争论的焦点在于基础概率是否能够等同于先验概率?违背贝叶斯定理是否就真的是谬误?     

我国基础研究人才评价与待遇匹配问题与对策

基础研究成果只承认世界第一,因而评价的标准较高,但现阶段我国基础研究人员待遇不仅远低于发达国家,而且明显低于从事其他研发活动的人员。为促进基础研究人才健康成长,我国一些大学采取了一些新举措,力求做到评价与待遇匹配。国家相关部门应支持这些大学的举措,并采取进一步的政策措施。     

“非零起点”下大学计算机基础的教学改革探索与深化创新——以广西外国语学院为例

广西高校计算机基础教学已经走过了20个年头。信息化时代不断发展促使小学、初高中学生接触并参与相关课程的学习。因此,基于学生"非零起点"下,我们计算机基础教学也将不断改革和深化,确定以"培养计算机应用型人才"为大学计算机基础课程的培养目标,不断提高学生的实践动手能力,同时增强对学生信息查找和搜集能力的培养。     

高职汽车类专业《机械基础》课程设计思路构建

随着经济的快速发展,汽车行业也得到迅猛发展,汽车已经普及到人们的日常生活中,很多高职院校开始设立汽车类专业,《机械基础》是汽车专业的基础课程之一。本文主要论述了高职汽车专业的机械基础课程特点、设计机械基础课要遵循的原则、我国机械基础课的改革现状,并分析了职业技能的培训目的,探索建立机械基础课的设计思路。