解读基因组学革命——评析个性化医学革命的三本新书

在过去的十多年中,人类基因组学的发展已经在公众印象中形成了一种预期,认为它将在医学领域中带来一场无法阻挡的革命。事实上,个人基因组学的前景是非常令人向往的:它不仅可以改善个人的健康状况,提供个性化的关于疾病的风险信息,比如癌症、糖尿病、心脏病和肥胖     

前沿

<正>我国发现DNA第7种碱基我国科学家最新研究表明,除A、G、T、C4大碱基及2种与C相关的碱基修饰形式外,基因组DNA中还存在第7种碱基。中国科学院上海生物科学院生化与细胞研究所徐国良研究组及其合作方进行的此项研究     

基因组医学:过去、现在和将来

在全球大量研究人员的努力驱动下,基因组医学这个本来就很热门的领域一直在持续地扩张之中。为了庆祝《基因组医学》杂志创办两周年,该杂志邀请了杂志各个栏目的编辑,就他们认为的在这两年中各自负责的领域内最为激动人心的突破和基因组医学的未来分别进行了评述——     

当前癌症研究三大热点

此次《科学》杂志纪念癌症行动法案40周年专题文章的一大特点是请到了一批活跃在癌症研究一线的知名科学家撰文，对癌基因组计划、癌细胞转移、癌症免疫编辑等当今癌症研究领域的前沿课题或方向作了介绍。     

个人基因测序有多远

基因测序技术不但能锁定个人病变基因,还能提做到提前预防和治疗。但有专家担心这些全基因检测普及,一旦落入保险公司或者被测者雇主的手中,将会对人们的生活产生不良影响。     

灵芝基因组框架图已经完成

《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)6月报道,有着"不死药"美誉的中国仙草——灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum),其基因组框架图已于近日绘成。该项目由中国医学科学院药用植物研究所、美国田纳西州大学健康科学中心和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校等机构的研究人员联合完成,通讯作者是中国医学科学院药用植物研究所的陈士林所长和孙超博士。灵芝,不仅在中国久负盛名,在世界范围内也是众所周知的一种药用大     

Accurate localization and excision of genomic islands in four strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis>

Mobile genomic islands (GIs) can be excised from the chromosome, then form a circular intermediate and be reintegrated into the chromosome by the GI internal integrase. Some mobile GIs can also be transferred into a new receptor cell by transformation, conjugation, or transduction. The action sites of the integrase are usually flanked direct repeats (DRs) of the GIs. Accurate localization of the flanking sequences is a precondition for determining the mobility of the GI. Mobile GIs are generally associated with transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Based on the correlation between flanking sequences and tRNA sequences, the flanking sequences of 11 putative mobile GIs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, P. aeruginosa PA14, P. fluorescens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens Pf0-1 were identified. Among the 11 GIs, Pf0-1GI-1 is responsible for benzoate degradation. PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3, and Pf5GI-4 were confirmed experimentally to be excised from a chromosome to form a circular intermediate. The action sites of the integrases are these GIs direct repeats. Due to distinct DRs, cutting sites for the internal integrase of PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3 and Pf5GI-4 were determined outside the T-loop of the tRNA^Gly gene, outside the anticodon loop of the tRNA^Ser gene and tRNA^Lys gene, and at the asymmetric 3′-end of the tRNA^Leu gene, respectively. PAO1GI-1 and other mobile GIs may be transferred into many different strains that belong to different phyla because of the clear flanking sequences. This study describes basic information about the action sites of the integrases, assesses the mobility of GIs, and can help design and transfer mobile GIs to candidate strains.     

DNA damage,signaling and repair: Protecting genomic integrity and reducing the risk of human disease

DNA is the genetic material that contains the "instructions" to not only guide the continuation of life but also govern the development, metabolism and functioning of living organisms. DNA damage occurs daily due to various exogenous (environ-     

走向人造生命的努力

2010年5月20日美国《科学》杂志报道，两位美国生物学家文特尔（Craig Venter）和史密斯（Hamilton Smith）成功制造出首例由人工合成基因组所控制的单细胞生物体——地球上本不存在的蕈状支原体（Mycoplasma mycoides）新种株，呢称“辛西娅”（Synthia）。     

阀岛技术在卷接设备上的应用

阀岛技术是近年以来出现的一种新型的电子气动控制应用技术。它具有集成化技术的优势,大大简化了设备的安装和维修,也降低了设备故障率。本文对阀岛技术在PROTOS70卷烟机上的应用进行了分析,并展望了阀岛技术发展的前景。希望对解决在今后工作中出现的阀岛故障问题有所帮助。