气候变化对主要沿海城市的影响(英文)

气候变化给人类以及人类赖以生存的环境带来了诸多问题,例如风暴潮、飓风和台风.分析气候变化对沿海主要城市的影响具有重大意义.上海作为一个主要的沿海城市,正受到海平面上升的威胁,针对此问题,提出减小海平面上升对其影响的几个建议.     

基于区域气候模式与作物干旱模式嵌套技术的华北农业干旱监测预测

2002年和2003年在山东农业大学布置相关农学实验,利用便携式光合作用测定仪Licor-6400测定了冬小麦叶片光合作用速率等大量作物生理生态参数,建立了作物干旱模式,并连接区域气候模式相似文献   

不同气候年景中的作物合理布局

通过作物与气候条件的定量分析,探讨了江西省进贤县三里乡不同气候年景中旱地秋季作物的合理布局。     

The relationship between the thermohaline circulation and climate variability

The long-term integration with the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model of the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences has been used in the investigations on the relationship between the thermohaline circulation and climate variability. The results show that the strength of the North Atlantic Thermohaline circulation (THC) is negatively correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Based on this kind of relationship, and also the instrument-measured climate record such as air pressure and sea surface temperature, the activity of the thermohaline circulation during the 20th century has been evaluated. The inferred variations of the strength of the THC is that, during two multi-decadal periods of 1867–1903 and 1934–1972, the THC is estimated to have been running stronger, whereas during the two periods of 1904–1933 and 1973–1994, it appears to have been weaker.     

Siliceous microplankton fluxes and seasonal variations in the central South China Sea during 1993–1995: monsoon climate and El Niño responses

Seasonal variations of radiolarian and diatom fluxes in the central South China Sea during 1993–1995 were overwhelmingly controlled by monsoon climate. Radiolarian and diatom increased obviously during the Northeast (from November to February) and Southwest (from June to September) monsoons and decreased during the periods between the monsoons. The change of circulation driven by the monsoons improved water exchange in the different areas that brought rich nutrient materials for the surface microplankton, thereby enhancing radiolarian and diatom fluxes. Variation of radiolarian flux coincided with organic carbon flux, surface primary and export productivities. High radiolarian flux corresponded to high surface primary productivity. Radiolarian and diatom fluxes raised abnormally during 1994–1995 could be attributed to the El Nino event during the period.     

Climate instability in the Yili region, Xinjiang during the last glaciation

The climate is influenced by westerlies year in year out and the aeolian loess is widespread in the Yili region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Through the study of the loess section with a thickness of 21.5 m, much useful information about climatic change in this region during the last glaciation was gotten. Grain size analysis of loess samples in the section showed that the climatic change in the Yili region was of instability during the last glaciation and similar to those of the North Atlantic Ocean and Greenland. In correspondence with the Heinrich events, the percentage of the size fraction of loess with grain size less than 10 μm decreased in cold stadials in the Yili region. This result suggests that the westerly wind be strengthened during the cold periods. Compared with the stadials, the content of the loess with grain size less than 10 μm was increased in interstadials, which indicated that the strength of the westerly wind was weakened. It is obvious that the climate was instable not only in the North Atlantic Ocean and polar regions, but also in other areas of Northern Hemisphere during the last glaciation.     

Respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to climate change

The research on the respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to the climate change is an important component part in the studies on the global climate change. Deserts respond to the climate change, meanwhile, they affect the climate with their feedback of peculiar environment during the respondence. Many researches on desert climate have been carried out at home and abroad. However, there is little research on the respondence and feedback of modern fixed, semi-fixed and mobile deserts in arid areas to the climate change, in which the factor analysis as well as the parameter changing effects is especially the difficult problem all along. In this note, the parameters of the respondence and feedback of Gurbantunggut Desert to the climate change are measured and analyzed, some variable parameters of water-heat exchange are obtained, and a numerical model of desertification is developed according to a series of climate change of about 40 years and the variable relations of meteorological and physical features of the sand surface in Gurbantunggut Desert.     

局地短期气候预测的关联度方法

针对局地短期气候变化的非线性特征及其难以用模型准确刻画的现状 ,根据预报误差最小原理 ,引入关联度分析 ,提出了一种关于局地短期气候预测的关联度方法 .应用此方法对年际变化剧烈的蒙自 5月雨量进行了预报试验 ,预测结果令人满意 .     

近50a葫芦河流域气候变化特征

根据静宁、秦安两站的水文气象资料,分析了葫芦河流域近50a气候变化特征.采用Mann-Kendall法分析,结果显示近50a气温总体呈上升趋势,降水量呈下降走向.利用Meyer小波及Morlet小波分别分析并相互检验校正葫芦河流域年均气温及年降水量的主要变化周期,其中:年平均气温普遍存在30a以上,22,12~14,10a左右的中长周期以及4～7,2～3a的短周期,而年降水量存在30a以上,20,12~14,10a左右的中长周期以及6～8,2～4a的短周期.近50a葫芦河流域河川径流的变化主要受当地降水波动的影响.     

青藏高原典型区域沙尘天气与气候要素关系分析

利用青藏高原沙尘活动典型区内10个站点的气象观测资料,分析了高原东北部、北部、西部、西南部近40多年来沙尘活动日数的演变规律及其与平均气温、相对湿度、平均风速、降水量等主要气候要素的相关关系.结果表明:近40年来,研究区内沙尘活动主要集中于冬、春两季,年沙尘活动日数、年均风速处于下降趋势,年均气温、年降水量呈现上升趋势,年均相对湿度变化平缓.沙尘活动日数与各气象因子在不同的时间尺度有不同的相关关系.除共和、都兰、格尔木、拉孜、山南月沙尘活动日数对月均气温滞后的正相关性显著提高外,其他站点、气候要素对于沙尘活动的影响均没有滞后效应.沙尘天气的高发期对应着暖干气候,低发期对应着冷湿气候.