基于GIS的环境风险信息系统设计与实现

本文研究了在GIS支持下的武汉东湖环境风险信息系统。运用GIS二次开发技术,在．NET平台下,使用C#语言和ArcEngine二次开发组件,采用三层C／S模式（用户界面一业务规则一数据服务）的逻辑架构,在环境数学模型的支持下,对数据采用GeoDataBase数据库方式进行管理。以武汉东湖为实例,进行了东湖风景区环境风险信息系统总体设计;重点对环境风险系统进行了详细设计,采用UML方法,使用Visio辅助建模,在进行用例分析基础上,对系统进行域类分析,分别得到模拟系统的用例图和域类图,并最终实现风险模拟的可视化。     

平泉县生态经济特征及其分区开发整治模式

在对平泉县生态经济特征分析的基础上,运用生态经济学观点从区域总体功能出发,根据自然生态因素和社会经济因素的特点及内在联系所构成的空间组合形式的相似性和差异性,对平泉县进行生态经济分区,展示整体与局部间的矛盾,识别生态经济发展因素和制约因素,提出生态经济的开发方向、途径和对策,为资源的永续利用、生态的良性循环、经济持续发展提供导向性决策的科学依据     

Idealizations and analogies: Explaining critical phenomena

The “universality” of critical phenomena is much discussed in philosophy of scientific explanation, idealizations and philosophy of physics. Lange and Reutlinger recently opposed Batterman concerning the role of some deliberate distortions in unifying a large class of phenomena, regardless of microscopic constitution. They argue for an essential explanatory role for “commonalities” rather than that of idealizations. Building on Batterman's insight, this article aims to show that assessing the differences between the universality of critical phenomena and two paradigmatic cases of “commonality strategy”—the ideal gas model and the harmonic oscillator model—is necessary to avoid the objections raised by Lange and Reutlinger. Taking these universal explanations as benchmarks for critical phenomena reveals the importance of the different roles played by analogies underlying the use of the models. A special combination of physical and formal analogies allows one to explain the epistemic autonomy of the universality of critical phenomena through an explicative loop.     

基于HSI颜色空间的车流量统计

本文针对常见在RGB颜色空间的运动车辆检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于HSI彩色空间的运动车辆检测方法。该算法利用高斯混合模型提取背景,通过选取大小合适的检测带进行背景帧差运算,运用图像二值化提取运动目标。然后利用垂直投影法,并对投影后的图进行中值滤波,从而有效地统计出了车辆数。     

井架的静力非线性计算

本文介绍了用变几何刚度矩阵法对井架结构进行非线性分析的原理和方法,以3200m钻机的K型和A型井架为算例,验证了所编的分析程序,计算结果表明:井架的主要变形为侧面变形,正面变形很小,非线性计算的位移值比线性计算的大20％以上;井架同一层各弦杆的轴向力分布不均匀,前侧的大,后侧的小。非线性计算结果表明了这种不均匀程度的加剧;井架的弯曲应力不可忽略,因而井架的计算模型应选为空间刚架模型;K型井架的承载能力大于 A型井架。分析验证表明,非线性分析程序可以用于井架结构的分析计算。     

Self-organised criticality—what it is and what it isn’t

The last decade and a half has seen an ardent development of self-organised criticality (SOC), a new approach to complex systems, which has become important in many domains of natural as well as social science, such as geology, biology, astronomy, and economics, to mention just a few. This has led many to adopt a generalist stance towards SOC, which is now repeatedly claimed to be a universal theory of complex behaviour. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, I provide a brief and non-technical introduction to SOC. Second, I critically discuss the various bold claims that have been made in connection with it. Throughout, I will adopt a rather sober attitude and argue that some people have been too readily carried away by fancy contentions. My overall conclusion will be that none of these bold claims can be maintained. Nevertheless, stripped of exaggerated expectations and daring assertions, many SOC models are interesting vehicles for promising scientific research.     

Pictures of sounds: Wittgenstein on gramophone records and the logic of depiction

I consider the way Wittgenstein employed some kinds of sound recordings (but not others) in discussing logical form in the Tractatus logico-philosophicus. The year that Ludwig Wittgenstein was born in Vienna, 1889, nearby developments already underway portended two major changes of the coming century: the advent of controlled heavier than air flight and the mass production of musical sound recordings. Before they brought about major social changes, though, these innovations appeared in Europe in the form of children’s toys. Wittgenstein uses the fact that a symphony performance can be constructed from both a written musical score and the grooves of a gramophone record to explain what logical form is. His characterization of logical form in the Tractatus in terms of intertranslatability rather than in terms of interpretability is highlighted by reflecting on the kinds of examples of sound recordings that he did not use to illustrate the notion of logical form. There were other well known technologies for making visual records of sound at the time, but these did not serve to illustrate logical form.     

Where explanation ends: Understanding as the place the spade turns in the social sciences

Explanations implicitly end with something that makes sense, and begin with something that does not make sense. A statistical relationship, for example, a numerical fact, does not make sense; an explanation of this relationship adds something, such as causal information, which does make sense, and provides an endpoint for the sense-making process. Does social science differ from natural science in this respect? One difference is that in the natural sciences, models are what need “understanding.” In the social sciences, matters are more complex. There are models, such as causal models, which need to be understood, but also depend on background knowledge that goes beyond the model and the correlations that make it up, which produces a regress. The background knowledge is knowledge of in-filling mechanisms, which are normally made up of elements that involve the direct understanding of the acting and believing subjects themselves. These models, and social science explanations generally, are satisfactory only when they end the regress in this kind of understanding or use direct understanding evidence to decide between alternative mechanism explanations.     

Things and the archives of recent sciences

With the interest in studying science as practice came an interest in the material artefacts and things that form part of scientific activities in the laboratory, the field, the classroom, or the political arena. This shift in interest in connection with new modes of knowledge production raises new questions regarding the “archive” of science: what should be preserved and where to make it possible to reconstruct scientific practices in the desired detail? While digital media may be able to bridge some of the traditional divisions between the collection of scientific artefacts in museums and the written archival depositories, the move to performing science in silico produces new challenges in respect to establishing the material archives of current science. The paper will discuss these and related questions with special reference to the archives of the contemporary life sciences.     

欧盟创新驿站网络评价研究进展与分析维度

鉴于欧盟创新驿站网络在推动科技、经济和社会发展中发挥的巨大作用,创新驿站网络评价研究亦成为国外科技政策、技术创新以及区域经济研究的热点。分别从评价内容、评价指标,评价方法和模型维度,整理国外学者对创新驿站网络评价相关研究,最后指出评价研究的启示和未来趋势。