在钢模内薄壁钢管弹塑性极限载荷的计算

研究在轴向压力、内压力、挤压力和摩擦力作用下钢模内薄壁钢管弹、塑性变形和内力,计算钢管弹、塑性极限载荷,并讨论钢管和钢模间摩擦系数对极限载荷的影响。最后给出算例。     

Ramet population ecology of Panicum virgatum in the field - Competitively random growth of ramets and foraging behavior of ramet populations

The authors investigated the heterogeneous size patterns and dynamic growth of the ramet population of Panicum virgatum, a clonal caespitose plant, limited to the space occupied by a ramet bunch and the time of the ramet yearly life cycle, to understand the ecology of clonal caespitose plants in the field, where the ramet bunch generally consisted of more than one genet. Dynamic life tables for ramet populations were established by the replacement of living ramets at the present time with "dead" ones in past time. These tables revealed stable coexisting patterns of isometric and allometric growing processes of ramets in mass and height respectively, which approximately followed the historic trajectory of a density-independent population. The ecology of clonal caespitose plants is further discussed based on the competitively random growth of ramet individuals, including the scale of foraging behavior. In the field, the ramet population ecol-ogy of switchgrass may be a statistical result of competitively random growth of ramet individuals. The foraging behavior of a ramet population could then be presented as a process in which ramet individuals competed with each other for light and grew randomly, whileat the same time a relatively stable dynamic growth pattern was apparent at the level of the ramet population, and the functional leaves were placed properly in time and space.     

Captivity affects behavioral physiology: Plasticity in signaling sexual identity

Summary Little is known about the link between captivity, physiology, and behavior in wild-caught vertebrates. Anecdotal evidence suggests that hormonal changes are responsible for behavioral changes in wild animals brought into captivity. Studying the effects of captivity on reproduction is hampered because wild animals often fail to exhibit sexual behavior under captive conditions. In weakly discharging electric fish, field studies have reported sex differences in electric organ discharges which are rarely seen in the laboratory. I now report the results of a series of laboratory investigations which show thatGnathonemus petersii exhibits seasonal, hormone-dependent, phasespecific sex differences in electric organ discharges. Captivity dramatically alters and may even reverse these sex differences as a result of rapid changes in endogenous plasma hormone levels. These findings have broad implications for research on animal physiology and behavior performed in laboratory settings.     

Lemaitre损伤模型的两种数值算法及其对比

基于Lemaitre损伤模型,采用2种简化的本构积分算法,对三维应力状态下各向同性塑性损伤问题进行计算。利用MATLAB语言编写相应的求解程序,分析不同应力状态下材料的损伤破坏过程,对比2种算法的计算精度与计算效率。结果表明:2种本构积分算法的计算结果均与理论解一致,能够适用于复杂应力状态下三维结构损伤与破坏分析;相比于应力与损伤耦合更新的算法,在增量步内将应力与损伤解耦更新的弱耦合算法可以更好地提高计算效率。     

脑机接口在康复医疗领域的应用研究综述

脑机接口(brain-computer interface,BCI)是在大脑与外部设备之间建立的不依赖于常规大脑信息输出通路(外周神经和肌肉组织)的一种人机交互技术,为肌肉或神经末稍受损的患者提供新的人机交互手段.作为智能康复机器人研究的方向之一,BCI在康复治疗和运动辅助中具有重要的研究价值,并在神经康复、功能假体辅助以及神经状态监控等方面取得了许多突破性进展.基于已有的研究,概述了BCI的基本原理及类型,归纳了BCI在康复医疗中的应用类型,探讨了制约BCI技术推广的主要问题,并展望了该技术的发展方向.     

时效对10Ni10Mn2CuAl钢组织及性能的影响

基于富Cu相和NiAl(Mn)相复合沉淀析出强化的方式设计了一种新型高强度舰船用钢10Ni10Mn2CuAl,探究了时效处理工艺对10Ni10Mn2CuAl钢的组织及性能的影响.采用Thermo-Calc软件对析出相析出温度和含量进行理论计算,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对基体典型夹杂及对时效处理后组织进行了分析,并进行了性能测试.研究结果表明:钢中富Cu相析出温度区间为300~606℃,最高质量分数为1.41%.随时效时间增加,马氏体板条呈现粗化到细化演变,硬度增加到峰值后趋于稳定.随时效温度升高加速析出相析出过程,硬度达到峰值的时间缩短.在最佳热处理工艺下(500℃时效24h),实验钢屈服强度为1435.51MPa,抗拉强度为1555.42MPa,延伸率为8%,综合性能达到最优.     

拱坝的三维非线性有限元分析

本文采用弹塑性——断裂模型描述混凝土和岩石类材料的性态以及开裂、压毁和混合型三种破坏模式。用弹塑性增量有限元法进行拱坝和地基的相互作用分析。加载准则在应变空间中构造。非线性迭代采用本文提出的子增量变K_p法。所编制的NAFA程序,能够进行拱坝的热弹塑性分析和一般材料非线性结构的有限元分析。     

水体铜污染对凤眼莲表型可塑性特征的影响

水葫芦是近年在中国肆虐生长的入侵植物,给中国的经济、社会发展带来严重影响。本文研究在浓度为7.5 mmol.l-1,15.0 mmol.l-1,22.5 mmol.l-1,30.0 mmol.l-1的不同铜离子浓度处理下水葫芦叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿素含量的变化情况。结果显示随着铜离子浓度上升,水葫芦叶柄数、叶片数、叶片宽、冠宽及根长各指标均随铜离子浓度上升呈现先增加后下降这一趋势。而叶柄宽却有不同程度的降低。表型可塑性指数研究表明,水葫芦主要通过增加根长、叶柄数及叶片数来适应不同铜胁迫环境的变化。上述结果表明在铜污染前提下,水葫芦可通过根长、叶柄数及叶片数的变化来较好的指示铜污染程度,进而更好的治理铜污染。     

即刻早基因ZENK的基因功能及其应用进展

即刻早基因ZENK是核基因组内编码转录因子的单拷贝基因,它受多种胞外信号,如血清、生长因子、细胞因子和激素的作用在不同类型细胞内迅速、大量表达.ZENK蛋白通过C2H2型锌指识别靶基因启动子中的GC丰富序列并发生作用,从而调控靶基因的转录.ZENK基因参与细胞生长、分化、发育的调控,而且其在大脑的诱导表达与动物的学习、记忆密切关联.另有研究显示,ZENK具有很高的进化保守性,可以作为新的分子标记运用于分子系统学研究.