边防管理工作中的信息交流及其障碍排除

边防管理工作是对有关人和事务的一种特殊的管理，所以离不开及时、畅通的信息交流。阐述了边防管理工作中的人际信息交流、组织信息交流和大众信息交流3种信息交流的基本类型，分析了信息交流的主要障碍，并提出了相应的改进措施。     

论正当防卫

通过对正当防卫的概念、历史、特征等法律问题进行评析,并阐述正当防卫的必要限度,从而提出关于正当防卫在司法实践中如何正确运用的相关问题,且对正当防卫制度的完善提出了自己的观点。     

Observations on the toxicity and metabolic relationships of polygodial,the chemical defense of the nudibranchDendrodoris limbata

Summary Polygodial (1), the defense metabolite stored in the skin of the nudibranchDendrodoris limbata, is toxic for the mollusc itself when injected into the hepatopancreas. Biosynthetic experiments using labeled mevalonic acid were devised to investigate a possible metabolic relationship between1 and the mixture of sesquiterpenoidic esters2, stored in the hepatopancreas. The results suggest that1 and2 are biosynthesized by independent pathways.Thanks are due to G. Villani for supplyingDendrodoris limbata and to A. Trabucco for technical assistance.     

Paternal allocation of sequestered plant pyrrolizidine alkaloid to eggs in the danaine butterfly,Danaus gilippus

Summary Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestered by adult maleDanaus gilippus from plants is transferred in large measure to the female at mating, and by the female to the eggs. The eggs, presumably, are protected as a result. The male's courtship pheromone, danaidone, derived from the sequestered alkaloid, may function to advertise the male's alkaloid-donating capacity.Acknowledgments. Paper Nr. 89 of the series Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908 and AI-12020; Predoctoral Traineeship to DED), Hatch funds (191-7416), the Bache Fund (National Academy of Sciences, to DED), and the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund (American Museum of Natural History, to DED). We thank M. Weingarner and J. Miller forD. gilippus collection, J. Boggan for technical assistance, and the staff of the Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, for assistance and hospitality. One of us (DED) is indebted to M. D. Achey, who by demonstrating nuptial cardenolide transfer in the monarch butterfly [Honors Thesis, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts (1979)] raised the possibility that other plant metabolites might be similarly transferred in danaines.Deceased July, 1985. This paper is affectionately dedicated to his memory.     

Secondary metabolites of the chemically rich ascoglossanCyerce nigricans

Summary Two new metabolites of an apparent propionate origin have been isolated from the organic extract of the ascoglossan molluscCyerce nigricans. The proposed structures for the new natural products are based on interpretation of their physical and spectral properties. The new compounds isolated lacked the potent ichthyodeterrent properties of the whole animal extract suggesting that other molecules are involved in the defense of this shell-less mollusc.     

大学生国防教育教学体系探析

高等学校开设国防教育课不仅可以提升大学生综合素质,而且对培养大学生国家意识、国家安全观念都具有重大的战略意义;新时期国防教育课要达到较好的效果,还必须加强领导,统一认识,提高教师的教学水平。     

基于相似案例分析的原材料长短期采购比例确定方法

提出了基于相似案例分析的原材料长期与短期采购比例确定方法.首先,将当前需要解决的原材料长期与短期采购比例问题视为目标案例,将收集到的一些历史的原材料采购问题以及采用的原材料长短期采购比例方案作为历史案例;其次,通过计算目标案例与历史案例间的相似度来提取相似历史案例;然后,计算各相似历史案例的采购比例方案实施效果的效用值,并通过设置阈值来筛选采购比例方案实施效果较好的相似历史案例;进而,依据筛选的相似历史案例,计算目标案例中原材料长期与短期采购的比例.最后,通过一个实例分析说明了提出方法的可行性与有效性.     

高速侵彻体碰撞化学子母弹头毁伤效应数值模拟

采用AUTODYN-3D数值模拟方法,对爆炸成形侵彻体高速碰撞下化学子母弹头有效载荷简化结构毁伤效应及力学机理进行了研究. 结果表明,对于典型的三层排布化学子弹有效载荷,子弹毁伤状态呈现为完好、变形、穿孔和碎裂4种典型模式,而且其分布显著受碰撞位置的影响,表现为复杂的多区间变化分布趋势. 进一步对化学子弹毁伤力学行为分析表明,子弹碎裂主要由高速侵彻体沿贯穿路径直接碰撞所引起,碎裂化学子弹高速流体喷射作用又导致部分化学子弹发生碎裂和穿孔,而相邻化学子弹间相互碰撞作用则是导致穿孔和变形的主要原因.     

直接碰撞杀伤动能拦截器结构参数分析

针对直接碰撞杀伤动能拦截器结构参数设计问题,建立了一种基于体积重叠法的动能拦截器碰撞子母弹头杀伤模型,利用该模型可有效分析动能拦截器结构参数受碰撞速度、碰撞点偏移量的影响特性. 算例分析表明,动能拦截器结构参数主要取决于碰撞速度和碰撞点偏移量,拦截器最小质量和最小直径随碰撞速度增大而减小,随碰撞点偏移量增大而增大;提高碰撞速度和减小碰撞点偏移量均能有效降低拦截器最小质量.     

再制造供应链的库存管理策略

研究再制造供应链的库存管理策略,证明了再制造环境下类似传统供应链中(s,S)策略的最优库存管理策略的存在性.针对订货提前期存在下由于回收产品量信息缺失而造成的理论最优库存管理策略无法实现的问题,进行了产品用户端信息的挖掘,明确了最优策略实现所需的用户端信息.通过实例对算法进行仿真实验,结果验证了(s,S)策略在再制造供应链中的最优性和用户端信息共享对库存成本节约的积极意义.