Fe3Al金属间化合物的韧化（I）

通过加铬合金化及合理的热加工工艺,制得了高室温韧性Fe_3Al金属间化合物。实验结果表明:合金元素铬的添加,改变了铁铝合金的断裂模式,即由纯解理断裂模式变为解理、沿晶混合断裂模式;铬的加入改善了室温韧性,提高了解理强度。     

基于元胞自动机的复杂系统脆性仿真

复杂系统研究是当前的热点,脆性是复杂系统的一个基本属性．在一个复杂系统中,当一个子系统遭受足够大的打击而崩溃时,整个系统将会崩溃．元胞自动机是一个离散的动力学系统,它可以用来仿真复杂系统的行为．文章应用元胞自动机对复杂社会系统的脆性进行仿真．仿真结果说明传染病扩散对其它社会子系统具有很大的影响．作为复杂系统的一个子系统,传染病的大规模扩散会使社会混乱,进而得出它具有脆性的结论．     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel were observed, and the relationship between the workability and the microstructure of the steel was established. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the steel reveals that an almost pure Sn phase forms and MnS-Sn compound inclusions appear in the steel with a higher Sn content. Little Sn segregation was observed in grain boundaries and in the areas around sulfide inclusions; however, the presence of Sn does not adversely affect the workability of the steel containing 0.4wt% Sn. When the Sn content is 0.1wt%-0.4wt%, Sn improves the tensile strength and the plastic strain ratio and also improves the plasticity with increasing temperature. A mechanism of improving the workability of ferritic stainless steel induced by Sn addition was discussed:the presence of Sn lowers the defect concentration in the ultra-pure ferritic lattice and the good distribution of tin in the lattice overcomes the problem of hot brittleness that occurs in low-carbon steel as a result of Sn segregation.     

Cascading failure prevention of complex systems based on brittleness entropy game

A non-cooperative game model based on brittleness entropy is formulated for preventing cascading failure of complex systems.Subsystems of a complex system are mapped to the players of the game.The influence of collapsed subsystems to other subsystems is also taken into account in the definition of payoff function except for their own entropy increase.This influence is named brittleness entropy.Each player has two optional strategies：rational for negative entropy and irrational for negative entropy.The model is designed to identify the players who select an irrational strategy for negative entropy.The players who select the irrational strategy for negative entropy continue to compete for negative entropy after the recovery of ordered state and make other subsystems can＇ t get enough negative entropy to reduce entropy increase.It leads to cascading failure of the complex system in the end.Genetic algorithm is used to seek the solution of game model,and the simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.The model provides a new way to prevent cascading failure of complex systems.     

瓦斯爆炸的脆性理论层次分析

针对导致煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故发生的各种致因,运用脆性理论和模糊层次分析法对其进行脆性分析.从事件级别上考虑瓦斯爆炸的脆性过程,分析瓦斯系统内部各个事件之间的脆性联系,从中找出使整个系统崩溃(事故发生)的因素集合,利用模糊层次分析法建立计算煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故中各种致因权重的层次分析模型.根据模型计算所得结果,确定了在瓦斯积聚产生的前提下,火源的4个主要致因权重的重要度排序,由大到小依次为:放炮、机电管理混乱、明火、撞击摩擦火花.对它们进行重点监控,可以很大程度地避免事故发生.该模型及其结果为控制和预防瓦斯爆炸提供了理论依据.     

峰后脆性对非均质岩石试样破坏及全部变形的影响

在平面应变压缩条件下,采用FLAC模拟峰后脆性对含初始随机材料缺陷的岩样的破坏过程、前兆、声发射及全部变形特征的影响.利用若干FISH函数预置初始随机缺陷,计算全部变形特征,并统计每10个时间步内的破坏单元数.密实的岩石服从莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为.缺陷在破坏之后经历理想塑性行为.不同脆性岩石的峰后的应力-轴向应变曲线、应力-侧向应变曲线、侧向应变-轴向应变曲线、体积应变-轴向应变曲线及由侧向应变及轴向应变计算得到的泊松比-轴向应变曲线于应力峰值之前发生分离.由于缺陷的依次破坏,在初始加载阶段之后,计算得到的泊松比随着轴向应变的增加而直线上升,这使侧向应变增加的速度超过轴向应变增加的速度.随着峰后脆性的降低,岩样失稳破坏的前兆变得明显,破坏变得不突然.脆性越强的材料,体积膨胀之后发生应变软化越早;剪切应变集中的位置越少;在硬化阶段及软化阶段,声发射持续的时间越短.     

铈和磷对锰钢脆性的影响

利用冲击试验，扫描电镜，透射电镜，俄歇谱仪等方法，研究了铈和磷对含锰钢脆性转化温度的影响。结果表明，磷在奥氏体晶界偏聚提高了含锰钢脆性转化温度，加入铈可减轻磷的偏聚程度，从而降低了脆性转化温度。     

基于室内试验的页岩脆性特征评价方法

基于全应力应变曲线,提出了包含多参数的综合脆性指标Bd1和Bd2.从扩容拐点(峰前曲线)、残余强度(峰后曲线)、能量分析(全过程曲线)等多角度对脆性指标进行了诠释,通过页岩单三轴实验并结合破坏模式对其适用性进行了验证.结果表明,该指标较好地反应了页岩的脆性,Bd1可根据不同的目的需求选择不同的参数,对脆性评价具有侧重性,且Bd1与围压具有较好的拟合关系,拟合曲线为指数函数;Bd2综合性强,可作为脆性的综合评价指标,但围压较高时对围压不够敏感;90°取芯角度下,随着围压的增加,脆性指数降低,岩石有脆性向延性转化的趋势;低围压下脆性指数对围压比较敏感,降低速度较快,高围压下则相反.     

稀土硅铁对高铬白口铸铁组织及性能的影响

为了解决高铬白口铸铁的脆性会严重降低其使用寿命问题,因此降低高铬白口铸铁的冲击脆性提高其韧性具有重要的现实意义.通过对大量实验数据的分析,研究高铬白口铸铁采用不同量稀土硅铁合金变质处理后,高铬白口铸铁组织和性能的变化.实验结果表明适量稀土硅铁使高铬铸铁组织细化,碳化物形态改善,适当的稀土硅铁可获得韧性和耐磨性的良好配合,延长高铬白口铸铁的使用寿命.     

氧对低合金铁素体低温钢低温韧性的有害作用

对低温工程中应用的 06MnVTi 低温钢板材及其在焊接以后容易出现的低温冲击值明显下降的问题,作了组织分析及热处理试验,发现其根本原因是氧在铁素体相中的过饱和析出及应力应变析出。析出相为弥散的 Fe_3O_4,并因此而引起钢的析出脆性;而造成氧的析出倾向则是由于钢本身的实际合碳量非常低,存在容易富氧的弱点,同时在转炉吹炼过程中又未针对这一特性,加快吹炼速度,而助长了钢中氧的析出脆化敏感性。