微米级通道内油水两相流阻力特性研究

针对低渗透油藏孔隙尺度小、采收率低的问题,采用宽度为200μm、深度分别为1.8μm和4.1μm的两个矩形通道,结合数字显微摄像技术和微流体测试技术,对岩层孔隙流动进行了模拟,得到了孔隙通道中单相油以及含油率(体积分数)为10%～60%的油水两相流的流动特性.实验结果表明:对于深度为1.8μm和4.1μm的两个矩形通道,单相油流动的摩擦系数低于理论值,并与雷诺数呈线性关系;泊肃叶数小于理论预测值,通道尺度越小,泊肃叶数实验值与理论值的差异越大.油水两相流流动的摩擦系数与雷诺数也满足线性关系,在不同含油率时有的高于理论值,有的低于理论值;泊肃叶数总体随含油率增加而减小,在含油率为20%与60%时出现跳跃式增长,分析表明泊肃叶数随含油率变化是受壁面亲水性的影响.     

Dependence of the stability of organic light-emitting diodes on driving mode

We investigated the effects of pulsed current (PC) and direct current (DC) driving modes on the stability of organic light-emitting diodes with and without hole-injection layers (HILs).Two different HIL materials were used:copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and 4,4’,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MDTATA).It was found that the half-lives of devices using PC driving modes were different from those of comparable devices using DC driving modes.For the devices without HILs,with CuPc HILs and with MTDATA HILs,the half-lives of the devices were changed by factors of 1.91,1.41 and 0.86,respectively,when operated in PC rather than DC driving modes.Our analysis of the electrical characteristics of the corresponding hole-only devices showed that the number of holes injected into devices was greatly reduced by inserting an m-MTDATA layer compared with other designs.The results indicate that different ratios of injected electrons and holes can be obtained in these devices.Moreover,these ratios play a dominant role in the dependence of the stability of the device on the driving mode.     

Bayesian optimization algorithm-based methods searching for risk/protective factors

The risks of developing complex diseases are likely to be determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are the most common form of DNA variations. Rapidly developing genotyping technologies have made it possible to assess the influence of SNPs on a particular disease. The aim of this paper is to identify the risk/protective factors of a disease, which are modeled as a subset of SNPs (with specified alleles) with the maximum odds ratio. On the basis of risk/protective factor and the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids, two novel risk/protective factors (called k-relaxed risk/protective factors and weighted-relaxed risk/protective factors) are proposed to consider more complex disease-associated SNPs. However, the enormous amount of possible SNPs interactions presents a mathematical and computational challenge. In this paper, we use the Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (BOA) to search for the risk/protective factors of a particular disease. Determining the Bayesian network (BN) structure is NP-hard; therefore, the binary particle swarm optimization was used to determine the BN structure. The proposed algorithm was tested on four datasets. Experimental results showed that the algorithm proposed in this paper is a promising method for discovering SNPs interactions that cause/prevent diseases.     

基于压缩感知的土壤呼吸监测传感网动态采样调度策略

土壤呼吸监测传感网通常部署在野外,无法直接访问电力,并且土壤呼吸测量过程比较复杂、能耗较高,因此在满足重建准确度要求的前提下,希望以尽量少的采样次数来进行测量.利用土壤呼吸真实物理过程中时间序列的相关性,可以采用压缩感知理论来实现采样调度.本文提出了一种基于压缩感知的分段动态采样调度策略:利用前期测量数据进行分析得到的先验知识,对测量时间区间的数据序列进行分段线性拟合,依据分段数据子序列的线性程度度量指标,动态确定各段的采样率.土壤呼吸测量仪在进行监测时,按照分段动态变化的采样率构造压缩感知采样和重建所需的测量矩阵.实验结果表明,相比平均采样率相同的固定采样策略,本文提出的分段动态采样策略能够得到更好的重建质量,即如果以确定的重建误差阈值作为需求,则本文的动态采样策略具有更小的采样率.虽然计算动态采样率会带来一定的计算开销,但减少的采样次数可以节省更多的能量.本文提出的基于压缩感知的分段动态采样策略,虽然在土壤呼吸监测传感网的应用场景中进行了实验和分析,但其思想对于其他类似应用的采样调度和节能问题也具有借鉴价值和潜在的可应用性.     

上市公司盈余重述价值相关性

以1999~2009年发布盈余重述公告的上市公司为样本,采用价格模型和报酬模型研究了上市公司盈余重述的价值相关性。研究表明,我国上市公司披露的盈余重述信息不具有价值相关性,市场对重述传达的盈余信息的信任度较低,重述没有影响投资者对公司价值的判断,但非核心重述具有显著的负的市场反应。因此,对盈余重述行为应重点关注,加强对上市公司信息披露行为的规范和监管。     

Assigning task by parallel genetic algorithm based on PVM

Genetic algorithm has been proposed to solve the problem of task assignment. However, it has some drawbacks, e. g., it often takes a long time to find an optimal solution, and the success rate is low. To overcome these problems, a new coarse-grained parallel genetic algorithm with the scheme of central migration is presented, which exploits isolated sub-populations. The new approach has been implemented in the PVM environment and has been evaluated on a workstation network for solving the task assignment problem. The results show that it not only significantly improves the result quality but also increases the speed for getting best solution.     

可降解聚合物溶胀性能对给药系统释药效果的影响

针对以乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)作为药物载体的新型贮库式微孔结构缓控释给药系统,为量化PLGA溶胀特性对释药效果的影响,在模拟体液环境下,以具有不同单体质量比的PL-GA膜片上的微孔为研究对象,对PLGA在降解过程中的溶胀现象进行了实验研究,得到单体质量比为50∶50的PLGA的微孔径向溶胀速率约为2.7×10-10 m/s,质量比为65∶35的PLGA的微孔径向溶胀速率约为6.6×10-11 m/s.以单体质量比为50∶50的PLGA为例,将实验得到的微孔溶胀速率作为边界条件,对考虑PLGA溶胀作用前、后的微孔给药系统释药过程进行了有限元模拟,结果表明:聚合物溶胀使给药系统释药时间从无溶胀时的16d延长到33d;不考虑溶胀时,PL-GA基体仅起承载药物的作用,而考虑溶胀后,微孔和PLGA基体共同承担药物释放功能,其中近40%的药物通过微孔释放,近60%的药物通过聚合物载体释放;给药系统在整个释药过程中累积释药比率线性度较好.     

基于模块性指标优化的层次聚类算法

层次形成的正确性决定了层次聚类的质量，通常围绕对象类内类间关系评价实现。本文基于聚类目标，综合考虑类内类问关系，借鉴网络分析中模块性评价准则，设计用于层次聚类的模块性指标，并采用自底向上合并的途径实现指标优化从而完成聚类，提出一种基于模块性指标优化的层次聚类算法。仿真试验表明，和谱聚类算法相比，本文介绍的算法实现简单，能以较少的计算代价，准确地获得样本特征，实现聚类。     

一种基于微带天线的应变测量技术

结构在长期使用中常常会产生裂纹，裂纹萌生时的尺寸一般很小，不容易被发现；当裂纹被发现时，往往已经扩展，甚至接近临界尺寸，危及结构安全．由于裂纹主要产生在结构的应变集中处，所以对“关键区域”的应变进行监测可以作为裂纹萌生的表征．传统的应变测量技术很难满足长时间、低成本、快速检测等要求．为克服传统应变传感器的缺点，本文对基于微带天线的应变测量技术进行了可行性探究．微带天线的中心频率与自身尺寸有关：当其变形时，中心频率也会发生相应的偏移．因此，可利用微带天线中心频率的变化来表征应变．本文设计和制作了四种不同尺寸的微带天线，以探兖基于微带天线的应变测量技术，同时研究其影响因素．将天线黏附在悬臂梁上，并在悬臂梁自由端处施加载荷，进行应变测量实验．通过矢量网络分析仪得到回波损耗S-一曲线，并获得应变与微带天线频率偏移的关系．分析结果显示，应变与中心频率偏移之间存在近似线性关系，可利用微带天线测量应变．     

RM?PTV中选取候选粒子的形心DT网格方法

为提高松弛迭代粒子追踪测速法(RM-PTV)提取瞬态流场的便捷性,提出了一种形心Delaunay三角剖分(DT)方法,并用其代替固定阈值法来选取与目标粒子预匹配的候选粒子,以降低RM-PTV对待测流场特性的依赖。通过对典型流型的自定义及标准人工粒子流场图像的匹配计算进行全面、有效地验证表明:形心DT网格可有效、便捷地选取候选粒子,保证RM-PTV得到准确的匹配结果,兼顾匹配准确率和效率,省去流场速度的预先估计,减小算法对流场及具体粒子分布情况的依赖,使RM-PTV更独立,应用更方便。