关于法律解释的原则与方法的几点思考

社会的发展让人们逐步认识到法律解释的重要性,对于法律解释的定性存在着法律决定论和法官主观论两种对立的立场,由此又导致了原则与规则适用的不同,为了解决疑难案件,就要进行必要的法律解释。法律解释方法多种多样,主要有文义解释、体系解释、目的性解释以及其他解释。     

I-doping of anodized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes using an electrochemical method

In order to obtain TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity, a cathode reduction was used to dope I⁷⁺ and I⁵⁺ into TiO₂ nanotubes of anodized Ti in C₂H₂O₄•2H₂O + NH₄F electrolyte. SEM images show that the anodization method integrated the preparation with the doping process, which for nonmetals-doping is advantageous to maintain the morphological integrity of TiO₂ nanotubes. I⁷⁺-I⁵⁺-doping enhances the UV response of TiO₂ and result in a red-shift. Under UV/visible irradiation, a I⁷⁺-I⁵⁺-doped sample (400°C) showed the highest I_ph and photocatalytic efficiency. A part of I^– in the I⁷⁺-I⁵⁺-doped sample is involved in the UV response, the red-shift and the higher I_ph.     

贵州兴义中三叠世黔鱼龙属(爬行纲: 鱼龙目)一新种

A new species of Qianichthyosaurus Li, 1999 from the Zhuganpo Member of the Falang Formation (Ladinian, Middle Triassic), Wusha Town, Xingyi City of Guizhou is described here, namely Qianichthyosaurus xingyiensis sp. nov. The recognition of the new species revises the diagnosis of the genus: tooth size relative to the skull width slightly below 0.1; ulna peripheral “shaft” notched or largely reduced; hindlimb nearly equal or longer than forelimb; tibia peripheral “shaft” notched or largely reduced. Qianichthyosaurus xingyiensis sp. nov. differs from the type species in having relatively longer snout (snout length/skull length over 60%); humerus radial facet being prominently larger than ulnar facet; unenclosed obturator foramen on pubis; fibula posterior process on the posterior margin and the ischium sub-triangular lacking shaft. The new species is stratigraphically older than Q. zhoui, the specimens of which were exclusively known from the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation (Carnian, Late Triassic). Along with askeptosaurid thalattosaur Anshunsaurus and shastasaurid ichthyosaur Guizhouich- thyosaurus, the occurrence of Q. xingyiensis sp. nov. in Xingyi Fauna suggests a closer relationship between Xingyi Fauna (late Ladinian, Middle Triassic) and Guanling Biota (Carnian, Late Triassic).     

奇特的小行星——灶神星

灶神星(Vesta)是小行星主带的最大成员之一。主带的最大成员--谷神星(Ceres)已归类为矮行星,灶神星也是候选的矮行星。不同于其他类型的小行星,灶神星是很奇特的。灶神星的光谱跟HED 陨石相似,因而推断它是该群陨石的母体。在灶神星族小行星和V 型小行星中,其他小行星都很小,可认为它们是灶神星受撞击而抛出的碎块。跟含水的谷神星不同,灶神星是缺水的火成岩石星,因此,它们倍受关注。为揭示谷神星和灶神星的奥秘,美国专门发射黎明号(Dawn)飞船去探测它们,现在已完成了环绕灶神星一年多的探测,正在飞往谷神星途中。黎明号飞船所摄的灶神星图像令人大为震惊,其南极区有两个大陨击盆地,证实了它曾受到巨大撞击所抛出碎块成为有关的小行星和陨石,并且造成其赤道区的大沟槽。灶神星有相似于类地行星的核、幔、壳结构和早期演化史,可能是遗留的原行星(protoplanet),因而,对灶神星的研究将有助于了解类地行星的起源和早期演化等问题。     

风浪条件下太湖藻源性“湖泛”的消退及其水体恢复进程

"湖泛"发生后的稳定持续时间是决定其致灾程度的主要指标,风浪的复氧是破坏其稳定性的主要因素.本文采用室内装置模拟、视觉比较和氧化还原条件分析等方法,研究了不同风浪作用下藻源性"湖泛"的稳定性及水体中主要特征参数恢复过程.结果显示:静风对照下,"湖泛"水体黑色在实验过程中始终未消失,水体DO含量保持在约1.5mg/L以下;小风(～2m/s)和中风(～4m/s)下,"湖泛"大约可持续2d左右,"湖泛"消失时的DO含量约6mg/L;大风(～8m/s)下,仅需要14h就可使"湖泛"黑臭完全消失.并且发现,在"湖泛"消失后,保持原来的风速下至144h,没有再出现黑臭的回复;水体溶解性营养物(NH4+和PO43)含量的降低随风浪大小有明显的响应关系.研究结果为藻源性"湖泛"的应急治理提供了决策依据.     

2016年古生物学热点回眸

 2016年国际古生物研究领域见证了一系列重要事件和研究热点。本文回顾2016年在地球早期生命研究、琥珀中的特异保存化石、中生代羽毛的颜色的分子证据、志留纪古鱼、早泥盆世植物根系、古DNA等研究方向的重要进展,盘点了国际古生物研究领域的前沿及热点,部分展示了中国古生物学界做出的突出贡献。     

电力系统负荷建模研究综述与展望

负荷建模研究是电力系统运行与控制中的基础性问题,既具有非常重要的理论意义,又具有 十分显著的实用价值。 在回顾已有负荷建模成果的基础上,归纳了负荷模型结构和模型参数的获 取方法,整理了负荷模型应用现状,并总结了现有负荷建模方法的不足;然后分析了负荷建模的发 展趋势,包括负荷特性重大变化对建模工作的新挑战、电网结构变化对建模工作的新需求和大数 据、人工智能快速发展带来的新机遇;最后将未来负荷建模工作总结为解决模型结构的“定性正 确冶和模型参数的“定量准确冶两步走问题,提出建立考虑主动负荷的广义综合负荷模型,并借助人 工智能技术,综合采用多种在线建模方法,构建“分类分时冶负荷模型数据库,建立负荷建模的长效 机制。     

2011年7月中旬长江下游地区强降水期间低频环流延伸期预报试验

 用2011年5-7月逐日东亚地区850hPa经向风场资料建立主振荡预测模型(POP),对影响7月中旬长江下游地区强降水过程的主要低频经向风场(20-30d时间尺度)的时空变化进行10-30d延伸期独立预报试验。结果表明,在60次预测中提前20d预报的相关预报技巧在0.50以上,很好地预报了2011年7月18日长江下游特大暴雨过程对应的关键区20-30d时间尺度的低频经向风变化过程。     

Response of 210Pbex inventory to changes in soil erosion rates on uncultivated land

This analysis studies changes in the variation 210Pbex inventory in soil in response to soil erosion on uncultivated land.A model was created to fit the response of 210 Pb ex inventory to variations in soil erosion rates on uncultivated land using the principle of mass balance.By numerical simulation of the variation in the soil erosion rate in soil of uncultivated land,we prove:(1) past use of what has long been considered the best method of determining 210 Pb ex levels over the past 100 to 200 years is not scientifically accurate;(2) the model shows that variation in 210 Pb ex inventory as a function of time varies according to the index law after variation of soil erosion rates in uncultivated land is considered;and(3) the time needed for the variation in 210 Pb ex inventory to reach a steady-state is affected by changes in the rate of soil erosion and the quality and depth of relaxation in soil of uncultivated land.The results of this research can guide efforts to measure soil erosion rates.     

Photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR using TiO2 nanotubes under irradiation with UV and natural sunlight

In order to investigate the catalytic performance of anodic TiO2 nanotubes and their practical application in the treatment of refractory microcystins(MCs) in natural-water samples,TiO2 nanotubes of diameter of 50-80 nm were fabricated by anodization in C2H2O4·2H2O containing NH4F.Under irradiation with natural sunlight,MC-LR was totally degraded after 1 d using the anodic TiO2 nanotubes.In contrast,the removal efficiency without TiO2 nanotubes was as low as 47.7% within 20 d.In addition,a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 gave higher photocatalytic activity than the single phase did.The pH also influenced the adsorption capacity of the TiO2 nanotubes.The order of MC-LR degradation efficiencies at different pH values was 3.5 > 8.0 > 10.0.After five repeated experiments on the degradation of MC-LR for 7 h,the degradation efficiency was still stable.