基于目标高斯分布的定位系统节点最优部署方法

针对三维空间定位系统中目标位置服从高斯先验分布假设条件下节点最优部署问题, 分析了纯方位目标定位算法中估计误差的费希尔信息矩阵, 推导出基于目标先验分布的克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao bound, CRB)。为了解决目标位置在任意高斯分布时, 协方差矩阵为非对角阵的问题, 提出了基于三维坐标旋转的最大后验概率估计方法, 将协方差矩阵转化为对角阵以实现最小化CRB的迹, 从而得到定位系统中节点的最优部署。最后, 通过梯度下降算法对节点最优部署问题的理论推导进行仿真, 验证了该部署方法的有效性，同时仿真结果中不同节点部署方法的对比也表明了该方法可有效降低定位误差。     

基于耦合目标的近场双站散射测试方法

对于近场散射测试中存在多次耦合目标,从近场数据外推远场雷达散射截面时,需要完备的双站散射信息。传统的双站散射测试方法中,远场观测点的数目等于扫描面上的天线数目,测量所需时间成倍增加,难以工程化。因此,根据截断角域的选取原则,结合采样间隔设计了一种“一发多收结合转台旋转”的近场散射测试方法,用以验证“多发多收”双站模式的近远场外推方法的有效性和误差大小。通过在微波暗室对二面角进行测试,验证了该外推算法的正确性以及实验系统的可行性。     

Microstructure transition of Al-Cu eutectic alloy during containerless rapid solidification

Droplets of Al-32.7%Cu eutectic alloy were rapidly solidified during containerless processing in a 3 m drop tube. The microstructural evolution of Al-Cu eutectic alloy depends strongly on droplet size. The eutectic growth morphology changes from regular lamellar eutectic to a kind of anomalous eutectic with the decrease in droplet size. This microstructural transition was analyzed within the current theories of eutectic growth. The results indicate that there exists a critical velocity for eutectic growth beyond which anomalous eutectic appears. The coupled zone of the Al-Cu eutectic alloy system has been calculated on the basis of the Trivedi-Magnin-Kurz(TMK) eutectic growth and the Lipton-Kurz-Trivedi(LKT)/Boettinger-Coriell-Trivedi(BCT) dendrite growth models, which provides a further interpretation for the morphological transition.     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for early precipitation process of Ni75AlxV25-x alloy with intermediate Al composition

The microscopic phase-field approach is applied to model the early precipitation process of Ni75AlxV25-x alloy. Without any prior assumptions, this model can be used to simulate the temporal evolution of arbitrary morphologies and microstructures on atomic scale. By simulating the atomic pictures, and calculating the order parameters and volume fraction of the θ (Ni3V) and γ'(Ni3Al) ordered phases, we study Ni75AlxV25-x alloys with Al composition of 0.05, 0. 053 and 0. 055 (atom fraction). Our calculated results show that,for these alloys, θ and γ' phases precipitate at the same time; with the increase of Al content, the amount of γ' phase increases and that of θ phase decreases; the precipitation characteristic of γ' phase transforms from Non-Classical Nucleation and Growth (NCNG) to Congruent Ordering Spinodal Decomposition (CO SD) gradually; otherwise, the precipitation characteristic of θ phase transforms from Congruent Ordering Spinodal Decomposition (CO SD) to Non-Classical Nucleation and Growth (NCNG) mechanism gradually. Both θ and γ' phases have undergone the transition process of mixture precipitation mechanism characterized by both NCNG and CO SD mechanisms. No incontinuous transition of precipitation mechanism has been found.     

LD5 高筋薄壁锻件的等温锻造工艺研究

依据ＬＤ５铝合金等温锻造成形高筋薄壁锻件的工艺，在实验室对引入形变热处理的必要性及其工艺规范进行了探讨。对比分析了润滑剂类型、变形温度、保温时间和压力机速度等工艺参数对材料成形性能及组织性能的影响。研究表明，在较低温度下的预变形毛坯，在再结晶温度以上进行锻造，将发生回复和再结晶使晶粒细化，从而达到降低变形抗力、提高塑性、改善充填性之目的。扩展了ＬＤ５成形复杂高筋薄壁锻件的应用范围。     

Rapid dendrite growth in quaternary Ni-based alloys

Dendritic growth is one of the most common micro-structural formation mechanisms during crystal growth. Its morphology provides the kinetics information of crystal growth. Therefore, it is valuable to perform the research on rapid dendrite growth in order…     

Phase-selection and metastable phase formation in highly undercooled eutectic Ni78.6Si21.4 alloys

A large undercooling (250 K) was achieved in eutectic Ni_78.6Si_21.4 melt by the combination of molten-glass denucleation and cyclic superheating. The metastable phase formation process in the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni_78.6Si_21.4 melts was investigated. With the increase of undercooling, different metastable phases form in eutectic Ni_78.6Si_21.4 melts and part of these metastable phases can be kept at room temperature through slow post-solidification. Under large undercooling, the metastable phases β₂-Ni₃Si, Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and Ni₃Si₂ were identified. Especially, the Ni₃Si₂ phase was obtained in eutectic Ni_78.6Si_21.4 alloy for the first time. Based on the principle of free energy minimum and transient nucleation theory, the solidification behavior of melts was analyzed with regard to the metastable phase formation when the melts were in highly undercooled state.     

复合材料层压板疲劳寿命预测方法

测定了碳纤维／树脂基T300／QY8911复合材料的3组典型单轴循环应力下的S-N曲线．基于试验数据，建立了多轴循环应力作用下单向板的寿命模型，并通过整合平面应力分析、失效分析和材料性质退化模块模拟多向层压板的疲劳失效过程．这种方法试图基于单向板在确定应力比下的疲劳试验结果，预测同种材料体系的任意铺层形式的多向层压板在复杂循环应力作用下的疲劳寿命．对于以分层破坏为主控因素的层压板，基于层间应力的计算结果，用计算面内累计损伤的方法计算分层损伤，层压板的寿命等于分层扩展寿命和分层后子层板剩余寿命之和．考虑分层扩展后，层压板的寿命预测结果得到明显改善．     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for early precipitation process of Ni75Al10V15 alloy

The kinetic model for a ternary system is introduced based on the microscopic diffusion form of the phase-field equations for a binary alloy. The equation is solved in the reciprocal space. This model is used to investigate the early precipitation process of Ni75-Al10V15 by simulating the atomic pictures of the two ordered phases and calculating the order parameters of γ′(Ni3Al) phase. Simulation results show that the γ′ ordered phases precipitate from the disordered matrix by a non-classical nucleation mechanism, and the nonstoichiometric γ′ ordered phase appears first and then transforms into the stoichiometric one. Clusters of V atoms appear at the γ′ phase boundaries followed by the formation of the nonstoichiometric θ ordered phase. The farther the location from γ′ phase boundary is, the lower the order degree of θ phase is. There exist two kinds of DO22 ordered domains: a horizontal one and a vertical one, related to their adjacent γ′ phase boundaries. The model could describe the atomic ordering and composition clustering simultaneously, and any a priori assumption about the new phase structure and precipitation mechanism etc. is unnecessary.     

Computer simulation for the precipitation process of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy

The precipitation mechanism of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy above the L12 instability line, between the L12 and D022 instability lines and below the D022 instability line are studied using microscopic phase-field kinetic equation. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on precipitation mechanism and morphological evolution of the alloy. Our simulations demonstrate that the precipitation is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition above the L12 instability line. It needs certain thermal fluctuations for nucleation and the number of θ phases is small at this temperature. The precipitation mechanism of γ'phase is congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition, and θ phase is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition between the L12 and D022 instability lines. The mechanism below the D022 instability line is similar to that between the L12 and D022 instability lines. With the decrease of the temperature, ordering and phase separation becomes fast, the dimension of γ'phase becomes small, the shape transforms from equiaxed to block, the dimension of θ phase becomes large and the shape transforms from strip to circle.