农民的教育需求与农村教育改革

现代化进程中农民多样性、多层次的教育需求与政府主导下结构单一,相对落后的教育供给的矛盾是农村教育中和经费问题同样重要的问题。解决这个问题要把农村教育定位于国民教育的重要部分而不是囿于农村区域性的低层次教育,为此要改革现有的教育管理体制,扩大农村教育主体的教育、教学自主权,改变教育经费的划拨方式等。     

锥形镀膜光纤探针近场分布特性

采用三维时域有限差分法对锥形镀膜光纤探针的近场分布特性进行了研究，结果表明入射光照射到探针上出现了退极化现象，光纤探针的近场分布不具有圆周对称性，探针的纵向截面中，与入射偏振光垂直的截面和与入射偏振光平行的截面两者的近场分布差异较大．在其它光纤探针参量相同的情况下对不同锥角的光纤探针进行了计算和比较，结果表明锥角越大从探针尖端出射的光强越大，从光波波导的角度对这种现象进行了分析。     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

新时期国家自然科学基金国际合作的战略思考

本文阐述了国际合作对基础研究发展的促进作用;分析了国外有代表性的科学基金组织的国际合作战略与资助特点;并针对当今基础研究国际合作的主要趋势以及我国科学基金国际合作面临的形势与挑战,提出了国家自然科学基金国际合作的战略发展思路与对策。     

基于自识别水印模式的抗几何攻击水印算法研究

提出了一种不依赖于同步性的抗几何攻击的水印算法,通过对水印模式结构进行精心设计,使得其自身具有可识别性,通过对不同结构的水印模式进行识别,从而判断对应的水印信号.算法从根本上消除了同步性的依赖,也不需要对图像进行区域剖分和规范化,因此大大节省计算消耗.实验结果表明,该水印算法对旋转、缩放、裁剪、改变纵横比等几何操作具有鲁棒性,同时对高斯噪声、低通滤波等信号处理操作也具有鲁棒性.     

Rough集-神经网络系统在信息融合目标识别中的应用

研究了Rough集和神经网络方法在信息融合目标识别中的应用 .提出将神经网络学习机制引入到Rough集系统 ,同时通过Rough集的条件和决策属性构造神经网络结构 ,并针对三种不同谱段下的三种不同目标图像进行了实验 ,试验表明 ,Rough集 神经网络相结合的识别算法的识别率要明显高于单独使用一种融合算法的识别率 ,训练时间也大大缩短 .     

铕掺杂氧化钇的密度泛函第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理密度泛函,开展了氧化钇(Y_2O_3)的晶体结构和电子性质的计算研究,对比实验结果验证了计算方法的可行性.通过超元胞模型的密度泛函计算,探究了氧化钇主要本征点缺陷和不同格点阳离子铕(Eu)取代掺杂的形成能.结果表明,富氧条件有利于Eu杂质原子掺入氧化钇晶格,低费米能条件下,Eu原子易于取代周围6个O原子具有中心反演对称性的钇原子;在高费米能条件下,杂质原子对两种格点钇原子取代几率相等.本研究对于提升Eu掺杂氧化钇的发光效率具有一定的指导意义.     

The Effect of Transportation and Housing Subsidies on Urban Sprawl

This paper analyses theoretically the effect of transportation and housing subsidies on urban sprawl,modal choice decisions and urban spatial structure using a spatial general equilibrium model in a monocentric city with two transport modes. Our analysis shows that public transit subsidy leads to urban shrink,whilst subsidizing automobile and housing make the city sprawl. We also find the effects of the other factors on urban sprawl,such as households income and demand,rural land rent,the income tax rate,the total fixed cost of public transit and automobile and the travelling marginal cost of public transit and automobile. Furthermore,this paper also studies how to maximize the urban-area-wide spatial equilibrium utility level.     

西藏地区经济发展的制约因素及对策研究

改革开放以来，虽然西藏地区经济增长迅速，但与其他省份相比，经济发展水平依然落后，尤其是财政支出九成依靠中央政府的转移支付。文章通过对西藏地区经济发展现状以及制约因素的分析，提出推动西藏经济发展的合理化建议，一是立足西藏自身资源禀赋加速发展绿色经济与特色产业；二是发展产业集群、建立经济增长极带动西藏地区经济全面发展；三是加大人力资本的投入以及实施留住人才的优惠政策；四是提升地区技术创新能力；五是加快完善市场经济体制；六是加快完善资本市场。     

Benthic foraminiferal δ~(13)C minimum events in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea over the last 180 ka

A total of six d13C minimum events,i.e.,VI,V,IV,III,II,and I,were observed via a stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of infaunal benthic foraminifera Uvigerina spp.in gravity core OS03-1 in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea over the last 180 ka.These events occurred at112–109,102–90,85–76,57–54,44–40,and 17–10 ka BP.The largest negative excursions reached 2.5%in event V and were greater than 1%in the other events.We proposed that all d13C minimum events were caused by the increase in sea surface water productivity,the weakened formation of Okhotsk Sea intermediate water,and the enhancement of the oxygen minimum zone.The negative excursions were unaffected by methane hydrate destabilization and subsequent methane release based on the results obtained by using archaeal lipid markers.