An improved 3-D ray tracing method using linear traveltime interpolation

An approach of three-dimensional seismic ray tracing is presented, which is derived from adopting two-dimensional linear traveltime interpolation (LTI). By adjusting the forward process using the partition of grid interface, and backward step by considering more directions, the new approach is suitable for the application of three-dimensional models. The calculation results show that, with the same accuracy, the improved 3-D method is much faster than the method of traditional LTI directly applied in the three-dimensional case.     

Language clusters based on linguistic complex networks

To investigate the feasibility of using complex networks in the study of linguistic typology, this paper builds and explores 15 lin-guistic complex networks based on the dependency syntactic treebanks of 15 languages. The results show that it is possible to classify human languages by means of the following main parameters of complex networks: (a) average degree of the node, (b) cluster coefficients, (c) average path length, (d) network centralization, (e) diameter, (f) power exponent of degree distribution, and (g) the determination coefficient of power law distributions. The precision of this method is similar to the results achieved by means of modern word order typology. This paper tries to solve two problems of current linguistic typology. First, the language sample of a typological study is not real text; second, typological studies pay too much attention to local language structures in the course of choosing typological parameters. This study performs better in global typological features of language and not only enhances typological methods, but it is also valuable for developing the applications of complex networks in the humanities, social, and life sciences.     

Prediction of sites under adaptive evolution in flavin-containing monooxygenases: Selection pattern revisited

Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), like cytochrome P450 (CYP), is a monooxygenase that uses the reducing equivalents of NADPH to reduce one atom of molecular oxygen to water, while the other atom is used to oxidize the substrate. Recently, it was shown that some CYP isoforms have been subject to positive selection. However, it is unknown whether the highly conserved phase I detoxification enzyme, FMO, has undergone similar positive Darwinian selection. We used maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution, evolutionary fingerprinting, and cross species comparison to investigate the occurrence of adaptive evolution in FMO sequences. We used recent genomic data from a range of species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. We present the evidence for the occurrence of adaptive evolution in mammalian FMO 3, 4, 5, and fugu FMOs but not in mammalian FMO 1, FMO 2, frog FMOs, other fish FMOs and invertebrate FMOs. The sites under adaptive evolution were significantly associated with the insertion domain in mammalian FMO 5. We identified specific amino acid sites in FMOs 3–5 that are likely targets for selection based on the patterns of parallel amino acid change. The most likely role of adaptive evolution is the repair of mutations that permitted optimal NADP+ binding and improved catalytic efficiency. The occurrence of positive selection during the evolution of phase I detoxification enzymes such as FMOs 3–5 and fugu FMO suggests the occurrence of both high selection pressure acting on species within their unique habitats and significant changes in intensity and direction (forms of xenobiotics and drugs) resulting from changes in microhabitat and food.     

Plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on gold nanoshells

Gold nanoshells (GNSs), consisting of a dielectric core coated with gold, have gained extensive attention as they show readily tunable optical properties and good biocompatibility. As highly sensitive and label-free optical biosensors with wide applications, GNSs have been investigated in many fields including drug delivery, immunoassay, cancer treatment, biological sensing and imaging. Taking advantage of the adjustability of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the sensitivity of the surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of GNSs, we have developed diverse applications including plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on GNSs. In this review we introduce plasmonic and electromagnetic properties and fabrication methods of GNSs. We describe research progress in recent years, and highlight several applications of GNSs developed by our group. Finally we provide a brief assessment of future development of GNSs as plasmonic materials that can be integrated with complementary analytical techniques.     

基于Elman神经网络的无线传感器网络测距模型

以无线传感器网络为研究对象，在无线传感器网络覆盖范围内的不同距离内采集信号强度值，利用Elman神经网络建立信号强度值与距离之间的映射关系，将采集到的信号强度作为模型的输入进行训练，利用训练好的网络模型进行测距，结果表明具有良好的网络测距性能。     

试论水库溢洪道地基防渗排水设计

笔者结合实践工程,根据<溢洪道设计规范>SL253-2000中对溢洪道地基防渗排水设计的相关规范,介绍了水库溢洪道地基防渗排水设计.     

Immune biology of Ag-specific γδ T cells in infections

Accumulating evidence suggests that human γδ T cells act as non-classical T cells and contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses in infections. Vγ2 Vδ2 T (also termed Vγ9 Vδ2 T) cells exist only in primates, and in humans represent a dominant circulating γδ T-cell subset. Primate Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells are the only γδ T cell subset capable of recognizing microbial phosphoantigen. Since nonhuman primate Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells resemble their human counterparts, in-depth studies have been undertaken in macaques to understand the biology and function of human Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells. This article reviews the recent progress for immune biology of Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells in infections.     

Comprehensive optimal control on seismic response of a single-tower self-anchored suspension bridge

Earthquake may cause severe damage to all kinds of bridge such as the falling down of the girder; therefore,effective measures should be employed to control the seismic displacement. In this paper,the method of comprehensive optimal control,com-bined with analytic hierarchy process,is employed to investigate the seismic response control of the Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Bridge,which is a single-tower self-anchored suspension bridge (SSSB). Also,3-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analyses are con-ducted. Three types of practical connection measures for seismic response control of SSSB are investigated,and the optimal pa-rameters of the connection devices are achieved by this method. Results show that both the elastic connection devices and the damp-ers with rational parameters can reduce the seismic displacement of the bridge effectively,but the elastic connection devices will in-crease the seismic force of the tower. When all factors are consid-ered,the optimal measure is by using the elastic connection devices and the dampers together. These results can provide references for seismic response control of SSSBs.     

中国共产党对马克思主义结合中国实际逻辑进路的选择

在马克思主义与中国实际结合的过程中,存在着＂四化＂即马克思主义中国化、马克思主义化中国、中国化马克思主义、中国马克思主义化。在结合的过程中,中国共产党选择了一条沿着＂马克思主义化中国——马克思主义中国化——中国化马克思主义——中国马克思主义化＂的逻辑进路,表现为对马克思主义摹写——建构——运用的过程。其实质是理论——实践——理论——实践的逻辑发展过程。这条与＂实践——理论——实践＂道路相悖的道路选择既有符合中国社会实际的方面,但也给中国社会的发展带来了一些问题。     

一阶非线性中立型时滞微分方程的非振动解

利用Banach压缩映象原理,研究下列一阶非线性中立型时滞微分方程d/（dt）[x（t）]＋c（t）x（t-τ1）＋d（t）x（t-τ2）]＋h（t）f（t,x（t-σ1（t））,x（t-σ2（t））,…,x（t-σk（t）））=g（t）的非振动解的存在性,并获得了相应非振动解的迭代逼近序列.