河北坝上安固里淖风-水两相纹层的发现

安固里淖是河北坝上最大的内陆封闭湖泊,它位于张家口市张北县境内,地理坐标41°18'41°24'N,114°20'114°27'E.湖面海拔1312m左右,东南岸有季节性河流汇入,无泄水口.     

基于LabVIEW的燃烧热测定的化学虚拟仪器

通过利用SWC精密数字温度温差仪的串行接口及LabVIEW强大的数据采集和处理功能,编制了界面友好、操作简便、自动化程度高的燃烧热测定化学虚拟仪器．文中在介绍解决系统设计关键问题的基础上,重点研讨了将Speil公式处理差热分析实验数据的思想应用于燃烧热实验数据处理的可行性：通过对Speil公式进行适当的合理改进,并结合Matlab用于数值微分的diff函数以及LabVIEW中用于数值积分的Numeric Integration．vi节点,实现了燃烧热的计算机精确计算．利用该系统进行燃烧热测定实验,获得了满意的结果．     

树干毕赤酵母木糖还原酶Lysine270定点突变的理性设计

Lysine270是树干毕赤酵母木糖还原酶(PsXR)与还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸(NADPH)或还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)形成结合口袋的关键氨基酸之一.为研究该位点对PsXR辅酶偏好性的影响,用其它19种氨基酸替代Lysine270,构建19种不同的木糖还原酶(XR)突变子,利用同源建模和分子对接的方法评价不同突变子与NAD+或NADP+之间的相互作用,并从中选择突变子K270R和K270N进行实验验证.突变基因及野生基因用异丙基-β-d-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)在大肠杆菌内进行诱导表达,经纯化后进行酶学性质研究.结果发现:K270R突变使得XR与NADP+的结合能力降低,米氏常数Km由0.025mmol/L升高到0.050mmol/L;K270N突变使得XR与NADP+不能结合.实验结果亦证实,通过理性选择得到的K270N突变子的辅酶依赖性由NADPH完全逆转为NADH.     

Satellite-derived surface water pCO2 and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the northern South China Sea in summer

An empirical approach is presented for the estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the northern South China Sea in summer using satellite-derived sea surface temperatures (SSTs), chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentrations, and wind fields. Two algorithms were tested. The first used an SST-dependent equation, and the other involved the introduction of Chl a. Regression equations were developed for summer based on in situ data obtained in July, 2004. Using the monthly average SST and Chl a fields derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and the SeaWiFS (sea-viewing wide field of view sen-sor), respectively, the monthly pCO2 fields were computed. The derived pCO2 was compared with the shipboard pCO2 observations con-ducted in July, 2000. This resulted in a root-mean-square error of 4.6 μatm, suggesting that the satellite-derived pCO2 was in general agreement with the in situ observations. The air-sea CO2 flux was further computed with the aid of the monthly mean QuikSCAT wind speed. We contend that more shipboard data are necessary for refining the empirical algorithms and reducing the uncertainty in the results.     

Short-term dynamics of nutrients influenced by upwelling in a small oligotrophic coastal ecosystem, Gan Bay, in the northwest Philippines

We present a time-series analysis of nutrient and pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) levels in an oligotrophic coastal ecosystem (Gan Bay), which was likely to be influenced by upwelled subsurface water. Gan Bay is off Currimao Harbor, in the northwest Philippines and is located at the boundary of the South China Sea (SCS). This 42-h time-series observation was conducted in December 2006. In addition to continuous observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pCO2, discrete samples were collected at a depth of 5 m every 3 h for measurements of nutrients, including soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and inorganic nitrogen (NO3 +NO2 ) in order to examine their dynamics and possible physical and biological controls. We observed remarkably large short-term variations in the surface water,spanning a 10-fold change for SRP (32–330 nM) and from <0.3 μM to 4.3 μM for NO3 +NO2 . DO also varied substantially from a lower end of 171 to 205 μM O2. Surface water pCO2 changed from an equilibrium stage with the atmosphere ( 386 μatm) to a stage where it was a significant source for the atmospheric CO2 (seawater pCO2 469 μatm). We found that the variation of nutrients was driven neither by tidal mixing nor by biological activities, as was suggested by the variations in the total bacterial abundance and chlorophyll a. Instead, our inverse T–S relationship suggested a two end-member mixing process during the observation period. The N:P ratio throughout the observation period was 13.2, which is characteristic of SCS subsurface and deep waters. Moreover, pCO2 was correlated inversely with the sea surface temperature. It is likely, therefore, that an upwelled subsurface cold water with high nutrients, low-temperature and high-pCO2 existed. It should be noted that this upwelled cold water did not appear to impact the entire observation period (approximately 35 h of 42 h), which might suggest an extremely dynamic nature for this upwelled cold water mass.     

EDTA置换滴定法准确测定氯化钡中钡含量

建立了准确测定氯化钡中钡含量的EDTA置换滴定法.样品溶解后,先用AgNO3沉淀Cl-,沉淀经过滤,加入过量Ni(CN)2-4发生置换反应,然后在pH (9.0～10.0)的氨性缓冲溶液中,以紫脲酸铵为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定置换出的Ni2+.测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)仅为0.38 %,加标回收率(R)在 95.3 %～99.0 %之间.结果表明,改进后的方法,简单、准确、干扰小,测定结果与国家标准方法一致,相对偏差(RD)小于1.0 % (n=5).     

云南西部地区松树根际捕食线虫真菌资源研究

植物寄生线虫造成的危害极大,开展捕食线虫真菌资源的研究是线虫生物防治的前提和基础.2006年至2007年间对云南西部云南松、华山松松树根际土中的捕食线虫真菌进行了调查,通过对分离到捕食线虫真菌土壤的地理位置、海拔的分析,结果表明:捕食线虫真菌在云南西部松树根际中广泛分布,从1000份样品中共分离、鉴定出捕食线虫真菌3个属(Arthrobotrys,Drechslerella,Dactylellina)21种和5个未产生捕食器的相关属Dactylella以及菌丝不分隔的捕食线虫真Stylopage属的1个种和Tridentaria属的1个种,其中2个为待定种.优势种为Arthrobotrys oligospora,Arthrobotrys musiformis,Arthrobotrys thaumasia,Dactylellina ellipsospora.在所分离到的捕食线虫真菌中,产生粘性菌网的菌种占优势.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of alumina extraction from fly ash using an ammonium hydrogen sulfate roasting method

A novel method was developed for extracting alumina (Al₂O₃) from fly ash using an ammonium hydrogen sulfate (NH₄HSO₄) roasting process, and the thermodynamics and kinetics of this method were investigated. The thermodynamic results were verified experimentally. Thermodynamic calculations show that mullite present in the fly ash can react with NH₄HSO₄ in the 298–723 K range. Process optimization reveals that the extraction rate can reach up to 90.95% when the fly ash reacts with NH₄HSO₄ at a 1:8 mole ratio of Al₂O₃/NH₄HSO₄ at 673 K for 60 min. Kinetic analysis indicates that the NH₄HSO₄ roasting process follows the shrinking unreacted core model, and inner diffusion through the product layer is the rate-controlling step. The activation energy is calculated to be 16.627 kJ/mol; and the kinetic equation can be expressed as 1 ? (2/3)α ? (1 ? α)2/3 = 0.0374t exp[?16627/(RT)], where α is the extraction rate and t is the roasting temperature.     

H2O2分解反应的不可逆过程热力学

扩展现行的线性不可逆过程热力学理论到远离平衡又没有产生耗散结构的体系,建立非均相体系只存在一个化学反应的反应速率通用方程,并将此反应速率方程应用于H2O2催化分解反应这个经典的动力学问题,分别得到了298K及308K条件下和实测数据吻合的四次关系式·结果表明考虑了高次项后,不可逆过程热力学可以用于远离平衡体系的化学反应·高次近似时,取多少次方对不同的化学反应条件是不同的,这决定于其远离平衡的程度,并且通过对线性不可逆过程热力学扩展的应用为远离平衡的化学反应的研究提供了一种新的方法·     

Chromosome sorting and its applications in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome sequencing

The large genome size (～17000 Mb) and complicated DNA structures of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) hamper its genome sequencing.By means of flow cytometry,systematic investigations on individual chromosome sorting have been carried out to construct chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries since the 1980s.Several wheat chromosome-specific BAC libraries,such as chromosome 3B,three D genome chromosomes (1D,4D and 6D),and the short arm of chromosome 1B,have been developed,and the ph...