硬质合金压力烧结炉优化操作智能决策支持系统及其应用

为提高硬质合金压力烧结炉的能量利用系数,挖掘生产潜力,采用基于传统的热平衡计算、神经网络、自适应变尺度混沌优化算法等相结合的集成建模方法研制一套操作优化智能决策支持系统.该系统具有自学习和自适应的特点,并已成功地应用于硬质合金压力烧结炉中.应用结果表明,用该系统优化出的操作参数指导生产, 各项生产指标显著提高,硬质合金压力烧结炉年产量提高5.5%,系统终点预报误报率小于4.5%,每年实际降低用电成本约50万元.     

pH值对猪粪废水微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

构建了以布阴极组为空气阴极的单室微生物燃料电池,并将其应用于猪粪废水的处理与产电.重点考察了阳极液pH值对猪粪废水处理和产电性能的影响.结果表明,阳极液pH=10时MFC的产电和废水处理性能最佳,输出功率密度达到2.10W/m3,与阳极液pH=6和pH=8时的电池相比,输出功率分别提高约2.7倍和1.9倍.同时,阳极液pH=10时,COD去除率和氨氮去除率也分别达到86.7%和92.8%,比阳极液pH=6和pH=8时MFC的COD去除率提高了约13.8%和6.7%;氨氮去除率提高了约5.3%和3.5%.本研究表明,调控阳极液pH值能够有效强化猪粪废水处理和产电,为猪粪废水资源化处理提供了一条新途径.     

Immobilization of arsenic in soils by stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron, iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe3O4) particles

Arsenic is a widespread contaminant in soils and groundwater. While various iron-based materials have been studied for immobilizing arsenic in contaminated soils, the feasibility of stabilized iron-based nanoparticles has not been reported. This study investigates the effectiveness of using three types of starch-stabilized iron-based nanoparticles, including zero-valent iron (ZVI), iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe₃O₄), for immobilization of arsenic in two representative As-contaminated soils (an orchard soil and a fire range soil). To test the effect of the nanoparticles on the arsenic leachability, As-contaminated soils were amended with the nanoparticles at various Fe/As molar ratios (5:1–100:1) and contact time (3 and 7 d). After three days’ treatments of a field-contaminated sandy soil, the PBET-based bioaccessibility of As decreased from an initial (71.3±3.1)% (mean±SD) to (30.9±3.2)% with ZVI, (37.6±1.2)% with FeS, and (29.8± 3.1)% with Fe₃O₄ at an Fe/As molar ratio of 100:1. The TCLP-based leachability of arsenic in a spiked fire range soil decreased from an initial (0.51±0.11)% to (0.24±0.03)%, (0.27±0.04)% and (0.17±0.04)% by ZVI, FeS, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, respectively. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles appeared to be more effective (5% or more) than other nanoparticles for immobilizing arsenic. When the two soils were compared, the treatment is more effective on the orchard soil that has a lower iron content and higher initial leachability than on the range soil that already has a high iron content. These results suggest that these innocuous iron-based nanoparticles may serve as effective media for immobilization of As in iron-deficient soils, sediments or solid wastes.     

A multiphoton ionization study of acetone using time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The 3p Rydberg states of acetone and photodissociation of the acetone cation were studied using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The 3p Rydberg state spectroscopy of acetone was investigated with linearly polarized two-photon resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) from 320 to 337 nm. Several new transition bands were observed in the spectra. In addition to the CH₃COCH₃ ⁺ ion, CH₃CO⁺ and CH₃ ⁺ fragments were observed. The laser power dependences suggest that the CH₃COCH₃ ⁺, CH₃CO⁺ and CH₃ ⁺ ions are produced in three-, four-, and four-photon processes, respectively. Production of CH₃CO⁺ and CH₃ ⁺involves excitation of the ground state acetone cation by an additional photon and subsequent decomposition of the excited acetone ion. The average translational energies of CH₃CO⁺ and CH₃ ⁺ from dissociation in CH₃COCH₃ ⁺(X) + hv → CH₃CO⁺ + CH₃ and CH₃COCH₃ ⁺(X) + hv → CH₃ ⁺ + CH₃CO, respectively, were derived from the ion TOF peak profiles.     

磁场对小麦种子萌发的生理效应

经过500Gs—3000Gs磁场处理的冬小麦种子,发芽势和发芽率都有增加,其中发芽势增加幅度大于发芽率。在500Gs—2500Gs磁场范围内小麦幼苗的呼吸速率和淀粉酶活力随着场强增大而上升,呼吸速率和淀粉酶活方具有相同的变化模式。胚根内过氧化物酶比胚芽内过氧化物酶对磁场的反应敏感,在2500Gs磁场强度下,胚根过氧化物酶活力比对照增加约1倍,胚芽过氧化物酶活力比对照增加30％,并且有过氧化物同工酶新酶带出现。本实验证实了适当强度磁场对小麦种子萌发的促进作用;过氧化物酶的多重生理功能与其同工酶体系的多型现象有关。     

W-305C螯合树脂提取铼的性能研究

本文研究了 W-305C 螫合树脂从含铼的 H_2SO_4-(NH_4)_2 SO_4溶液中提取铼的性能.试验结果表明,在 pH=9条件下,该树脂对铼的动态吸附率为99.48%.用8%NH_3·H_2O 与2%(NH_4)_2SO_4混合溶液淋洗铼,其洗脱率为98.92%.经吸附—洗脱操作,溶液铼浓度增大19倍,铼的总收率达98.41%.用红外光谱法探讨了树脂吸附铼的机理.     

中纬度海温异常与环流变化的数值模拟

本文采用二维纬向平均模式,通过模拟试验,研究西太平洋中纬度海域海温异常对环流变化以及我国东部江淮、华北平原汛期降水的影响。按季节不同把海温异常分为南冷北暖型和南暖北冷型。结果表明前期海温异常,其后3—5个月西太平洋副高位置明显变化。例如,春季南冷北暖型异常分布(20°—35°N偏冷,35°N以北偏暖)则夏季副高增强,其脊线位置偏北,长江流域夏季(7—8月)偏旱,而华北地区偏涝。反之,得到相反的结果。     

地基土与多层剪切型结构的非线性动力分析

本文研究了非线性地基土与非线性多层剪切型结构相互作用体系的问题,其中上部结构恢复力模式为刚度有退化的三线性模型,下部地基土刚度假定为有退化的双线性模型,阻尼采用Veletsos模式。对于层数较多的结构,文中提出可结合使用Holzer方法,从而使计算更为简便。最后,对一多层剪切型结构假定几种地基土刚度进行了计算,并对计算结果进行了分析和讨论。     

方波上升时间对确定方波响应时间的影响

本文研究确定冲击电压测量系统方波响应时间T_1时,实际方波的波前上升时间t_f对测量结果带来的影响.导出了一个简明的关系式:T_1=T0_+T_1.其中T_0为被测系统的真实响应时间,时间常数T_f跟t_f有关.讨论了该关系式的实际意义.文中还指出,电子技术中常用的波前时间累积公式不能用来计算上述误差.本研究结果易于估算由实际方波的波前带来的误差,可供实际使用.     

Cu-La-O体系热力学研究

为开拓稀土元素在铜及其合金中的有效利用,本文在1390—1475 K温度下,用固相-液相平衡法研究了Cu-La-O体系的热力学,用固体电解质氧浓差电池法测定了铜液中氧的活度,得到镧的脱氧常数,及脱氧常数与温度的关系式。由测得的数据还求得镧在熔铜中的溶解自由能、活度系数与温度的关系和铜液中镧自身的相互作用系数。